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Matter and the Study of Chemistry
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Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space All matter is composed of chemicals Characteristics: Mass vs. weight Mass is amount of matter Weight is the force of gravity on an object Inertia – resistance to change in motion Energy – ability to do work (potential and kinetic)
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The Law of Conservation of Energy The Law of Conservation of Matter
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Example: water Composition: hydrogen and oxygen Structure: Properties: Physical – liquid at room temperature, boils at 100 ̊ C Chemical – splits into hydrogen and oxygen when subjected to electric current 2H 2 O 2H 2 + O 2
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Physical andChemical Properties & Physical and Chemical Changes
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Physical Properties: those properties that define a substance -density -color -texture state or phase boiling point solubility
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Physical changes are those changes that do not result in the production of a new substance. If you melt a block of ice, you still have H 2 O at the end of the change.
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If you break a bottle, you still have glass. Painting your nails will not stop them from being fingernails. Some common examples of physical changes are: melting, freezing, condensing, breaking, crushing, cutting, and bending.
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Some, but not all physical changes can be reversed. You could refreeze the water into ice, but you cannot put your hair back together if you don’t like your haircut!
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Special types of physical changes where any object changes state, such as when water freezes or evaporates, are sometimes called change of state operations.
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Chemical properties can ONLY be observed AS the substances are changing into different substances.
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Chemical changes, or chemical reactions, are changes that result in the production of another substance.
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FLAMMABILITY: A material’s ability to BURN in the presence of OXYGEN
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REACTIVITY: How readily (easily) a substance combines chemically with other substances.
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Which has higher reactivity? A 14 karat gold ring or a cheap metal ring from the vending machine at the grocery store? What is your evidence?
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When you burn a log in a fireplace, you are carrying out a chemical reaction that releases carbon. When you light your Bunsen burner in lab, you are carrying out a chemical reaction that produces water and carbon dioxide.
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Common examples of chemical changes that you may be somewhat familiar with are; digestion, respiration, photosynthesis, burning, and decomposition.
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Physical or Chemical Change? Painting Wood PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Burning Paper CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Digestion of food CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Sugar dissolving in water PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Iron turning red when heated PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Evaporation PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? A pond freezing in winter PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Melting ice PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Cutting wire PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Painting fingernails PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Cutting fabric PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Baking muffins CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Shattering glass PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Decomposition of old leaves CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? Wrinkling a shirt PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change? An old nail rusting CHEMICAL
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