1. Restating (or rewriting) someone else's ideas using your own words. Restating (or rewriting) someone else's ideas using your own words.

2. Paraphrasing (rewriting) Quoting (restating) Not a ‘Copy’ – ‘Paste’ function Expressing someone else’s ides in your own word Cite the source, no need to cite page. ‘Copy’ – ‘Paste’ function Using someone else’s EXACT words in your text. Put in quotation marks “…”, AND cite the exact source (including page)

3. Plagiarism “The false assumption of authorship: the wrongful act of taking the product of another person’s mind, and presenting it as one’s own” (Lindey 1952. Plagiarism and originality. New York: Harper) Using another person’s ideas or expressions in your writing without acknowledging / citing the source. Intellectual theft; a MORAL and ETHICAL offense – may also become a legal offense.

4. Plagiarism is simply failure to give appropriate acknowledgement...... when - repeating another’s wording or particularly apt phrase - paraphrasing another’s argument You can use other persons’ words and thoughts, but the borrowed material must not seem your own creation. If you don’t cite the source, the reader assumes it is your original thinking/wording/writing

5. Reasons for plagiarism In student writing often unintentional Sometimes results from inadequate language skills, OR Lack of confidence as a researcher, OR Laziness! Or Lack of time! Can usually be detected: ◦ Change in style & in linguistic correctness ◦ Detection software available  Turnitin

6. OriginalPlagiarism OriginalPlagiarism “Some of Dickinson’s most powerful poems express her firmly held conviction that life cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of death.” “Emily Dickinson strongly believed that we cannot understand life fully unless we also comprehend death.”

7. OriginalPlagiarism OriginalPlagiarism “Some of Dickinson’s most powerful poems express her firmly held conviction that life cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of death.” “Emily Dickinson strongly believed that we cannot understand life fully unless we also comprehend death.”

8. NOT plagiarism “As Martin (1992:234) has pointed out, Emily Dickinson strongly believed that we cannot understand life fully unless we also comprehend death.” (Whole reference in Reference list / Bibliography)

9. To avoid plagiarism in academic writing … Document everything that you borrow from other sources ◦ not only direct quotations and paraphrases but also information and ideas. However, Use common sense: You do NOT need to document ◦ familiar proverbs, well known quotations, common knowledge (in the field) ◦ If in doubt - state the source.

10. Acknowleging sources – citing The Harvard Style