1. 1 History 17C The American People, World War I to the Present 1

2. 2 9/11 and After

3. 3 Themes: The attacks of September 11, 2001, inflicted major human, material, and psychic damage on the United States. They also led, indirectly, to a fundamental transformation in the US government’s relationship to the outside world and to US citizens and residents.

4. 4 Themes: While many, though by no means all, of those changes have been recently repealed, we will be living with their legacy for years to come.

5. 5 George W. Bush 2001-2009

6. 6 George W. Bush’s domestic policies Tax cuts

7. 7 George W. Bush’s domestic policies Deregulation With Vice President Richard Cheney

8. 8 On foreign policy, Bush administration divided between pragmatists and hawks

9. 9 Secretary of State Colin Powell

10. 10 Vice President Richard Cheney

11. 11 Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld

12. 12 Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz

13. 13 Hawks’ focus on Saddam Hussein 13

14. 14 September 11, 2001— al-Qa‘ida-sponsored terrorists flew planes into World Trade Center and Pentagon, killing about 3,000

15. 15

16. 16 After 9/11 Taliban rejected US demand that they turn over bin Laden

17. 17 So Bush sent US forces to attack Taliban and al-Qa‘ida in Afghanistan

18. 18 Special Forces A-Teams

19. 19 Northern Alliance

20. 20 Abdul Rashid Dostum

21. 21 November-December 2001—Taliban were defeated

22. 22 Pro-US government, under Hamid Karzai, took power in Kabul

23. 23 But bin Laden escaped from Tora Bora into Pakistan

24. 24 Guantanamo Bay Detention Facility

25. 25 Alberto Gonzales John Yoo

26. 26 “Extraordinary Rendition”

27. 27 By early 2002 Bush administration was shifting its focus from bin Laden to Saddam Hussein

28. 28 By early 2002 Bush administration was shifting its focus from bin Laden to Saddam Hussein

29. 29 Saddam Hussein and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

30. 30 CIA rendering of Curveball’s claim 2000-2001—Iraqi defector Rafid Ahmad Alwan (aka “Curveball”) told German intelligence that Saddam Hussein had built mobile biological weapons labs

31. 31 2002—Under torture in Egyptian prison, Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi claimed that Iraq had provided al-Qa‘ida with training in chemical and biological weapons

32. 32 February 2003—Secretary of State Colin Powell repeated both Curveball’s and al-Libi’s claims at United Nations

33. 33 September 2002—Bush called on UN to pass resolution demanding that Iraq disarm itself of weapons of mass destruction

34. 34 CIA Director George Tenet

35. 35 October 2002—Supplied with misleading intelligence, Congress passed Iraq War Resolution CIA “White Paper” on Iraq and WMD

36. 36 November 2002—UN Security Council passed Resolution 1441, calling on Iraq to disarm itself of weapons of mass destruction, warning of “serious consequences” if it failed to do so

37. 37 Late 2002—UN inspectors started operating in Iraq

38. 38 December 2002-January 2003—US deployed more troops to Persian Gulf; France and Germany opposed use of force without subsequent UN resolution German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer

39. 39 Early 2003—UN weapons inspectors found no evidence of WMD programs but asked for more time to continue investigation Chief UN weapons inspector Hans Blix

40. 40 March 2003—US, Britain, and “coalition of the willing” launched Iraq War without second UN resolution

41. 41 April 2003—Saddam Hussein regime fell; but US forces failed to provide adequate security, permitting widespread looting and violence

42. 42

43. 43 Summer 2003—Iraqi Insurgency broke out

44. 44 Abu Ghraib Prison

45. 45 “The Hard Site”

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55. 55

56. 56 The age of Obama: hope and disappointment Health care reform

57. 57 The age of Obama: hope and disappointment The promise to close Guantanamo

58. 58