1. “In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue….”

2. But Columbus wasn’t the only one exploring the world: Turn to pgs. 366-367 of your textbook! Beginning in the late 1400s, European nations sent explorers across the oceans. Renaissance ideas may have sparked the desire to explore, but what do you think the explorers were in search of ???

3. Trade linked the economies of Africa, Asia and Europe. Caravan routes through the Sahara linked North and West Africa to Europe and the Middle East. Many African states grew wealthy through Saharan trade. Textbook: pg. 385 Contact between Europeans and Africans led to commerce and conflict. Salt and gold dominated trade within Africa. Gold and ivory were valuable for trade with other parts of the world. As the map shows, Europe not only traded for goods to bring back to Europe but also to send to their new colonies in the Americas. Notice the map key – who are the major European players? Did one of these nations play a role in YOUR History Fair project?

4. The importation of African slaves to American colonies led to the rise and fall of African states. The slave trade was at its height during the late 1700s. Millions of Africans were captured, enslaved, and taken from their homelands. Textbook: pg. 401. Africans were captured and then taken to depots, where they were imprisoned. From the depots, they were sent far from Africa and sold into slavery.

5. Slave Trade (1600-1800) The Atlantic slave trade caused some African nations to decline and others to rise. Turn back to the map on pg. 385. Notice the trading ports along the Atlantic Ocean = “Independent African states”. Contrast that to the areas in Africa along the Indian Ocean – what happened to that territory?

6. By the 1600s, European countries were competing for trade and COLONIES.

7. European Outposts in Africa Textbook pg. 398: Read - “European Outposts in Africa”. As you have just read, the first phase of Western Imperialism began! And that is what these next two weeks are about. So let’s open your spiral notebook to begin taking notes for next Friday’s test:

8. Unit 10: Imperialism Wed. 2/23  Imperialism – the extension of one country’s influence over other territories or peoples.  This process usually involves: (reread “European Outposts in Africa” to list at least two ideas!) 1. 2.

9. Possible Responses: Superior military strength or force (often brute) Advanced technology Economic domination usually involved having $$$$ Food or resources that a less developed territory might need or desire A sense of superiority which usually involved racism or stereotyping of other peoples Often involved the spread of a dominant religion

10. Unit 10: Imperialism (notes continued) The Atlantic Slave Trade (pg. 398) Where does the word “slave” come from? European & African Slave Traders (pg. 399) European colonizers rarely went deep into African land to raid villages for slaves. Thus ironically, who played a large part in the capture of African slaves? Triangular Trade (pg. 399) Where does the phrase “Middle Passage” come from?

11. Horrors of the Middle Passage Read this section on pgs. 399-400.

12. Alexander Falconbridge, a doctor who served as a slave ship’s surgeon (published 1788). “They are commonly fed twice a day…Their food is served up to them in tubs, about the size of a small water bucket. They are placed round these tubs in companies of ten to each tub, out of which they feed themselves with wooden spoons. These they soon lose, and when they are not allowed other, they feed themselves with their hands…Their allowance of water is about half a pint each at every meal… Upon the Negroes refusing to take sustenance, I have seen coals of fire, glowing hot, put on a shovel, and placed so near their lips, as to scorch and burn them. And this has been accompanied with threats, of forcing them to swallow the coals, if they any longer persisted in refusing to eat… Exercise being deemed necessary for the preservation of their health, they are sometimes obliged to dance, when the weather will permit their coming on deck. If they go about it reluctantly, or do not move with agility, they are flogged; a person standing by them all the time with a cat-o’-nine tails in his hand for that purpose.”

13. Slave Trade = $$$ Because of the money to be made from the slave trade, the Europeans’ appetite for slaves increased. To ensure that African nations continued to supply the Europeans with slaves, the Europeans would often invade and kill an African kingdom’s ruler.

14. Unit 10: Imperialism (last notes) African Leaders Resist (pg. 400) record 2-3 important notes from this section! Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade (pg. 400) record 1-2 important notes from this section!

15. View intro. to Middle Passage & clip from Amistad