1. Dietary Supplements; Is the use of a Protein Supplement warranted?. Carrie Pope HW499: Bachelors Capstone in Health and Wellness

2. Athletes are continually striving to improve their performance. Occasionally, athletes resort to sources outside their nutrition in an attempt to enhance natural body processes that may offer them an edge on the playing field. Increase in performance could result in more playing time, entrance or scholarship into college or an increase in pay at the professional level. Consider this….. When you are a spectator at a sporting event, is it not thrilling to witness those athletic performances that are beyond belief?

3. In 1994 Congress defined the term dietary supplement in what is known as the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. A dietary supplement is a product that; 1. Is intended to supplement the diet 2. Contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: Vitamins Minerals Herbs or other botanicals Amino acids Enzymes 3. Is intended to be taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid 4. Labeled on the front panel as being a dietary supplement. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dietarysupplements.html

4. Dietary supplements fall under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration. They, however are treated differently from other food and drugs. They are not directly tested by the FDA. In order for a dietary supplement to be considered as such and not a drug, the manufacturer can only make the following types of claims; Health Claim Nutrient Content Claim Structure/Functional Claim

5.  Health claim- A claim that describes how the supplement reduces the likelihood of developing a disease or health condition. “Diets low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure, a disease associated with many factors.” “Development of cancer depends on many factors. A diet low in total fat may reduce the risk of some cancers.”

6.  Nutrient content claim- A claim that describes the amount of a nutrient. "contains "high in oat bran“ “100 calories”

7.  Structure/Function claim- A claim that suggests how the supplement may affect organs or organ systems. Structure/Function claim- A claim that suggests how the supplement may affect organs or organ systems. Example: “Calcium builds strong bones."

8. Dietary supplements are not evaluated by the FDA. They cannot claim to treat, cure or prevent the disease or condition. The manufacturers must label their products stating that they have not been tested by the FDA. "This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease"

9. In 2007, the FDA passed new regulations known as the Good Manufacturing Practices. The manufacturers are expected to abide by these measures which ensure that their products meet certain sanitary standards. The supplements are also expected to be labeled truthfully regarding the identity, purity, strength, and composition.

10. Unlike products that are labeled as drugs, the FDA must prove that the supplements are DANGEROUS before they can be pulled from the market. Drug companies need to first prove that the products are SAFE before they can be put on the market.

11. Consider this……… Dietary supplements may have side effects. They may also interact with certain medications. Despite this these supplements have become very popular in recent years.

12. Between June 2006 and June 2007, U.S. consumers spent $744 million on dietary supplements, a 34 percent increase over the previous year (Consumer Reports, 2007).

13. Protein Supplements: Are they good for you? Are they nutritionally beneficial? Do they significantly impact physical activity? Animal versus plant based

14. Protein Supplements: Good for you? Like any other supplement, protein supplements are not regulated by the FDA. Unfortunately, this lack of a regulation might result in products with contaminants. In 2010, two protein supplements containing unwanted levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic were discovered. Health food stores are stocked with various protein supplement and the decision concerning best option can be overwhelming. These substances can allegedly “enhance athletic performance, decrease fatigue, change body composition, and improve looks.”.

15. Protein Supplements: Nutritionally sound? While the benefits of protein supplements don’t measure up to those you’ll get from real foods, they are a close second place. According to research published in “The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition” in 2008, protein is more satiating than either fat or carbohydrates. If your diet lacks high-quality sources of protein, taking supplements will allow you to get the nutrients you need. Using protein supplements presents risks as well as benefits. Taking supplements in addition to following your regular diet also adds calories, which may lead to weight gain that will not necessarily be in the form of muscle..

16. Protein Supplements: Impact Physical Activity? Depending on the type and duration of your physical activity between 5-10% of your energy requirement is provided by protein. While dietary protein may indirectly contribute to this source of energy, most will come from catabolism of your body proteins during metabolism. Despite your body’s need for amino acids, protein supplements, in the form of protein powders and amino acid supplements, have not been scientifically identified as being superior to dietary protein for muscle synthesis..

17. Protein Supplements: Animal vs Plant based Whey Protein (Cow or Goat milk) PROS ◦ Complete protein ◦ Higher in Branched Chain Amino Acids ◦ Supports detoxification ◦ Boosts the immune system Whey Protein (Cow or Goat milk) CONS ◦ Dairy sensitivity and allergy ◦ Possible contamination with hormones and antibiotics.

18. Protein Supplements: Animal vs Plant based Plant Based Protein (Soy, Pea, Rice) PROS ◦ Hypoallergenic ◦ Easy to digest Plant Based Protein (Soy, Pea, Rice) CONS ◦ Taste ◦ Not ideal for building muscle.

19. Final Remarks Dietary Supplements are NOT a substitute for balanced diet. Get your vitamins and minerals from consuming healthy foods…then supplement Choose your supplements carefully And always tell your doctor if you take DS and stop before surgery

20. References FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition www.cfsan.fda.govwww.cfsan.fda.gov NIH Office of Dietary Supplements www.ods.od.nih.gov www.ods.od.nih.gov National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine www.nccam.nih.govwww.nccam.nih.gov Tufts Nutrition Navigator (Critical review of supplement web sites) www.navigator.tufts.edu www.navigator.tufts.edu.