1. Data SnapShot Series 1.1 January 2016 DATA SNAPSHOT Vermillion County

2. 2 Hometown Collaboration Initiative This report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.

3. Table of contents Introduction 01 Demography 02 Economy 03 Labor Market 04

4. ​ Purpose ​ About Vermillion County 01 introduction

5. 5 Purpose ​ This document provides information and data about Vermillion County that can be used to guide local decision- making activities. ​ The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county. ​ To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools, such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented. ​ Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings. Introduction section 01

6. 6 About Vermillion County Introduction section 01 County Background Established1824 County Seat Newport Area259.93 sq. mi. Neighboring Counties Vermillion, IL Edgar, IL Vigo, IN Parke, IN Fountain, IN Warren, IN Clinton

7. ​ Population change ​ Population pyramids ​ Race ​ Ethnicity ​ Educational attainment ​ Takeaways 02 demography

8. 8 Population change Components of Population Change, 2000-2014 Total Change-1,383* Natural Increase-420 International Migration 44 Domestic Migration-904 The total population is projected to increase by 0.2 percent between 2014 and 2020. Demography ​ Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2014 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change section 02 The county’s total population decreased by 6.5 percent between 2000 and 2014. The major cause of that shrinkage was domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out). It shows that out-migration exceeded in- migration by about 904 people. The county experienced a negative natural increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) with a net decline of 420 persons. On the other hand, international migration witnessed net increase of 44 persons, indicating that the county experienced a minor influx of new people from outside the U.S. Total population projections 2000201020142020 *Total change in population differs from the sum of the components due to Census estimation techniques. Residuals (not reported here) make up the difference.

9. 9 Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 Annual Population Estimates section 02 Male Female 20142000 Male Female There are more females in proportion than males in Vermillion County. Approximately 51.3% of the population was female in 2000 (8,611 people) and that percentage dropped slightly to 50.6% (7,948 people) in 2014. The distribution of individuals across the age cohorts changed as well, with a larger share of individuals shifting into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2014 time period. In particular, people 50 and over swelled from 14.7% to 18.9% for males and from 18.5% to 22% for females between 2000 and 2014. Individuals of prime working age -- 20-49 years old -- slipped from 20.3% to 17.4% for males and from 20% to 17.5% for females. The percentage of residents under 20 years of age also declined over the same time period.

10. 10 Race The number of non-White residents in Vermillion County increased by 0.3 percentage points between 2000 and 2014. Every race experienced a numerical increase except White and Two or More Races. However, on an overall basis, the White population in the county remains quite high at 98 percent as of 2014. Simply put, there is very little diversity in the population with regard to race. Demography ​ Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 Annual Population Estimates section 02 2000 2014

11. 11 Ethnicity Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry are from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish- speaking Central or South American country. There were 107 Hispanics residing in Vermillion County in 2000. This figure expanded to 170 by 2014, a 59 percentage increase. While the percentage growth is significant, the reality is that the Hispanic population is quite small in the county. Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 Annual Population Estimates section 02 1.1 % 0.6 % Hispanics - 2014 Hispanics - 2000

12. 12 Educational attainment Vermillion County had a 4 percentage points increase in the number of adults (25 and older) with an associate’s, bachelor’s or graduate degree between 2000 and 2014. The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 81 percent in 2000 to 89 percent by 2014. Residents with less than a high school education fell by 8 percentage points while those with a high school degree only increased by 1 percentage points to 46 percent in the same time period. Adults with a college degree increased from 17 percent in 2000 to 21 percent in 2014. This was due to a 2 percentage point growth in residents with bachelor’s degrees or more (11 percent versus 13 percent) and in adults with a associate's degree (6 percent versus 8 percent). Demography ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2014 ACS section 02 2000 2014

13. 13 Takeaways ​ The population of Vermillion County is likely to experience limited growth over the next few years, and if the past trends hold, the challenge will be how to slow the loss of people as a result of domestic migration. That is, more people are moving out of the county to live somewhere else in Indiana or another state than are moving in from other parts of Indiana or the U.S. ​ Natural increase is also a problem in that the number of births is smaller than the number of deaths. This may be the product of a county that is seeing a larger segment of its population being 50 years of age or higher. Furthermore, the percentage of men and women of prime working age (20-29, 30-39 and 40-49) continues to decline. ​ The educational attainment of adults 25 years old and over has improved since 2000, with an impressive decline in the percentage of adults with ​ less than a high school education (from 19 percent to 11 percent). At the same time, the proportion of residents with a high school education only remains sizable at 46 percent). ​ Taking time to assess whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree may be worthy of attention. While nearly one in five adult residents in the county has an associate’s or a bachelor’s degree or more, this figure is about 11 percentage points lower than that of the state of Indiana for adults 25 plus years of age. ​ Vermillion County may wish to assess the job skills of workers with a high school education only. Determining if such skills align with the needs of local businesses and industries – both now and in the future -- may be worth exploring. Demography section 02

14. ​ Establishments ​ Industries ​ Occupations ​ Income and poverty ​ Takeaways 03 economy

15. 15 Establishments A valuable way to understand the economic dynamics of a county is to look at the shifts taking place in establishments on the basis of number of employees. Establishments can be studied on the basis of the number of people they employ. Our Data SnapShots report highlights information on five different-sized companies that are typically found in most counties. Stage O are establishments operated by one person (a sole proprietor). Stage 1 companies employ 2-9 persons while Stage 2 have 10-99 employees. Second stage firms are seen as key target audiences for such programs as Economic Gardening, a major initiative of the Edward Lowe Foundation. Stage 3 establishments have at least 100 employees and a maximum of 499 people. Finally, the largest companies, Stage 4, employ 500 people or more. Economy ​ Source: youreconomy.org section 03 An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments. Definition of Company Stages 0 1 2 3 4 Self- employed 2-9 employees 10-99 employees 100-499 employees 500+ employees

16. 16 Number of establishments by stage/employment category Economy ​ Source: youreconomy.org section 03 20002013 StageEstablishmentsProportionEstablishmentsProportion Stage 0 23833.5%25228.9% Stage 1 38454%51058.4% Stage 2 7811%10011.5% Stage 3 101.4%111.3% Stage 4 10.1%00% Total 711100%873100%

17. 17 Top five employers in 2015 Economy ​ Source: ReferenceUSA (Infogroup), Hoosiers by the Numbers section 03 EstablishmentStage 1. Eli Lilly & CoStage 4 2. South Vermillion School Supt Stage 3 3. Union HospitalStage 3 4. International Paper CoStage 3 5. North Vermillion Junior Senior Stage 3 Three of the top five employers in the county are providing key services for people and communities in the local area. Eli Lilly and Company, located in the City of Clinton, is the largest employer in Vermillion County (Stage 4 company). The remaining four establishments represent Stage 3 firms that employ 100- 499 employees. Eli Lilly and Co, as well as International Paper Company, are major manufacturers of pharmaceutical and paper products, respectively. Information on the top five establishments by employment comes from ReferenceUSA. ReferenceUSA is a library database service provided by Infogroup, the company that also supplies the list of major employers for Hoosiers by the Numbers. While both YourEconomy.org and ReferenceUSA contain establishments, differences in data collection processes result in discrepancies between the two sources. We use YourEconomy.org for a broad picture of establishments in the county, while ReferenceUSA is used for studying individual establishments. Note: South Vermillion Trans and Target are identified by only one of ReferenceUSA or Hoosiers by the Numbers as one of the top employers in Vermillion.

18. 18 Number of jobs by stage/employment category Economy section 03 20002013 StageJobs*ProportionJobs*Proportion Stage 0 2384%2524.1% Stage 1 1,35422.9%1,66227.4% Stage 2 1,85231.3%2,53641.7% Stage 3 1,43324.2%1,62526.7% Stage 4 1,04117.6%00.0% Total 5,918100%6,075100% *Note: Employment Includes full-time, part-time, and temporary workers ​ Source: youreconomy.org

19. 19 Amount of sales (2013 dollars) by stage/employment category Economy section 03 20002013 StageSalesProportionSalesProportion Stage 0 $28,316,7222.9%$16,986,6513.5% Stage 1 $215,626,39421.7%$106,309,44621.7% Stage 2 $262,282,85126.4%$189,965,41438.8% Stage 3 $265,123,87026.7%$175,996,40036.0% Stage 4 $222,121,11722.4%$00.0% Total $993,470,955100%$489,257,911100% Note: Governments and non profits do not report any sales ​ Source: youreconomy.org

20. 20 Top five industries in 2014 58.9 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Vermillion County. The largest industry in the county is Construction with a total of 823 jobs. This is followed by Government (754 jobs). Health care and social assistance is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 588 jobs. Four of these top five industries primarily focused on the provision of local or regional services rather than export- oriented activities. Of the top five industries in the county, Manufacturing (-25.6 percent), Retail Trade (-12.7 percent) and Government (-10.5 percent) lost jobs between 2003 and 2014, while the other two gained jobs over the same time period, with Construction growing the most (48.3 percent). Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.4 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

21. 21 Industry distribution and change NAICS Code Description Jobs 2003 Jobs 2014 Change (2003-2014) % Change (2003-2014) Average Total Earnings 2014 11Crop and Animal Production2713598832%$32,696 21Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction1713-4-24%$187,572 22Utilities155154-1%$123,271 23Construction55582326848%$53,711 31Manufacturing946704-242-26%$101,909 42Wholesale Trade8868-20-23%$75,323 44Retail Trade829724-105-13%$24,964 48Transportation and Warehousing213228157%$44,071 51Information4738-9-19%$32,852 52Finance and Insurance1592236440%$26,160 53Real Estate and Rental and Leasing951141920%$31,945 54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 1521691711%$38,254 55Management of Companies and Enterprises3512-23-66%$75,855 56 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 403192-211-52%$15,736 61Educational Services154227180%$6,990 62Health Care and Social Assistance539588499%$43,504 71Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation9659-37-39%$11,851 72Accommodation and Food Services4425106815%$15,975 81Other Services (except Public administration)2893273813%$21,596 90Government842754-88-10%$40,320 AllTotal 6,1866,100-86-1%$45,176 Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.4 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 Note: Average total earnings include wages, salaries, supplements and earnings from investments and proprietorships.

22. 22 Industry distribution and change The largest percentage gains in employment in Vermillion County occurred in:  Educational Service (+180 percent)  Construction (+48.3 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in:  Management of Companies and Enterprises (-65.7 percent)  Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services (-52.4 percent) Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.4 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 Employment Increase Employment Decrease Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2003 & 2014: Construction (+268) Crop and Animal Production (+88) Manufacturing (-242) Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services (-211)

23. 23 Top five occupations in 2014 The top five occupations in Vermillion County represent 46.9 percent of all jobs. Sales and related (694 jobs) is the top occupation in Vermillion County. Management is the smallest of the top five occupations, with 525 jobs. Three of the top five occupations are engaged in services-related activities. Of the five top occupations in Vermillion County, Construction and Extraction (+23.4 percent) had the largest percentage increase in jobs from 2003 to 2014, followed by Food Preparation and Serving jobs (+11 percent). Job declines were largest in the Office and Administrative Support (-12 percent) occupational category. Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.4 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 *Management occupations include farm managers, so changes in jobs may be related to changes in the number of farm proprietorships.

24. 24 SOCDescription Jobs 2003Jobs 2014 Change (2003-2014) % Change (2003-2014) Hourly Earnings 2014 11 Management Occupations481525449%$22.48 13 Business and Financial Operations Occupations1671922515%$24.59 15 Computer and Mathematical Occupations6239-23-37%$25.87 17 Architecture and Engineering Occupations8582-3-4%$35.95 19 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations10568-37-35%$26.18 21 Community and Social Service Occupations4543-2-4%$17.31 23 Legal Occupations232529%$34.70 25 Education, Training, and Library Occupations314305-9-3%$17.30 27 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media10411399%$12.86 29 Health care Practitioners and Technical25526052%$29.11 31 Health care Support Occupations137134-3-2%$11.18 33 Protective Service Occupations365104-261-72%$17.16 35 Food Preparation and Serving Related4955485311%$9.29 37 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance1782406235%$9.94 39 Personal Care and Service Occupations20721584%$9.28 41 Sales and Related Occupations699694-5-1%$12.50 43 Office and Administrative Support Occupations631558-73-12%$15.51 45 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations54843056%$14.52 47 Construction and Extraction Occupations43653810223%$18.46 49 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair27939211341%$22.18 51 Production Occupations566490-76-13%$20.58 53 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations401370-31-8%$16.50 55 Military occupations6154-7-11%$19.09 AllTotal 6,1866,100-86-1%$17.30 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.4 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03

25. 25 Occupation distribution and change Economy ​ Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.4– QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors section 03 The largest percentage gains in employment in Vermillion County occurred in:  Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (+55.6 percent)  Installation, Maintenance, and Repair(+40.5 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in:  Protective Service (-71.5 percent)  Computer and Mathematical (- 37.1 percent) Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2003 & 2014: Installation, Maintenance, and Repair (+113) Construction and Extraction (+102) Protective Service (-261) Production (-76) Employment Increase Employment Decrease

26. 26 Income and poverty 200020072014 Total Population in Poverty 9.1%10.7%13.9% Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty 12.4%15.0%20.1% Real Median Household Income (2014 value)* $50,458$49,823$44,388 Real Per Capita Income (2014 value)* $33,363$32,705$35,496 The median household income in Vermillion County decreased by $6,070 between 2000 and 2014 in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation), while average income per person rose by $1,241 in real dollars over the same time period. The total population in poverty swelled from 9.1 percent to 13.9 percent between 2000 and 2014. The rate for minors was even higher, increasing by nearly 8 percentage points over the same period of time. Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary section 03 *Real median household income is the middle income value in the county. Half of the county’s households fall above this line and half below. Real per capita personal income is the average income per person in the county.

27. 27 Income and poverty Economy ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary section 03 Median household income in Vermillion County experienced a significant downturn at the start of the Great Recession around 2007 but slowly improved after 2013. Per capita income increased slowly after 2006. Poverty rates for adults and minors began to increase around 2007 but have stabilized in recent years (but still remain elevated for children under 18 years of age).

28. 28 Takeaways ​ Companies that employ 2-9 persons (Stage 1) and 10-99 employees (Stage 2).have been the key sources of new jobs in the county since 2000 ​ Growth in both the number of establishments and number of jobs in the county between 2000 and 2013 can be attributed to Stage 1 and Stage 2 enterprises. At the same time, Stage 3 firms are the ones that employed the largest number of people (1,529) in 2013, even though there were only 11 companies of this size in the county. ​ The information on the five establishment stages suggests that it may make sense for Vermillion County to pursue an economic development plan that includes efforts to strengthen the health of high-growth Stage 1 and 2 establishments, while simultaneously working to retain and grow the county’s Stage 3 companies. Real median income has declined while poverty levels have increased in Vermillion County since 2000. As of 2014, poverty rates for minors and the overall population remained stubbornly high when compared to the rates in 2000. The fluctuations and decline in real median income experienced since 2000 may be tied to employment changes in various industries in the county during this time period. Job losses occurred in both low and high paying industries. At the same time, job gains occurred in some high paying industries (such as construction) as well as a number of lower paying industries (such as crop and animal production, finance and insurance, accommodation and food services). The ability to capture good paying jobs will depend on the availability of a well-trained and educated workforce, something that may be challenging in light of the smaller percentage of adults (1 in 5) in the county with an associate’s degree or higher. Economy section 03

29. ​ Labor force and unemployment ​ Commuteshed ​ Laborshed Workforce inflow/outflow ​ Takeaways 04 labor market

30. 30 Labor force and unemployment 20032014 Labor Force 8,0587,277 Unemployment Rate 6.5%8.7% The number of individuals in the labor force in Vermillion County has dropped by nearly 10 percent between 2003 and 2014. In particular, the number of adults in the county’s labor force decreased by 781 individuals over the 2003 to 2014 time period. At the same time, the unemployment rate grew by 2.2 percentage points between 2003 to 2014, indicating that individuals in the labor force may have been experiencing difficulty finding jobs. While the rate has since improved, it remains about 2 percentage points higher than the state’s unemployment rate. What is important to determine is the set of underlying factors that may be contributing to the higher unemployment rate in the county. Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2014 Annual Data Release) section 04

31. 31 Unemployment rate Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2014 Annual Data Release) section 04 Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 12.9 percent in 2010. Since that time, the rate has been on a slow but steady decline, dipping to 8.7 percent by 2014.

32. 32 Workforce inflow and outflow in 2013 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD Vermillion County has more laborers traveling out the county than into the county for work. work in the county happen to reside in another county. As a result, Vermillion County is experiencing a net loss of 3,675 workers due to the high outflow of labor. The resulting situation is that for every 100 employed residents, Vermillion County has 52 jobs. CountProportion Employed in Vermillion County 3,967100% Both employed and living in the county 1,33534% Employed in the county but living outside 2,63266% Living in Vermillion County 7,642100% Both living and employed in the county 1,33517% Living in the county but employed outside 6,30783% More than 6,300 residents commute out of the county for work, while just over 2,600 people who 1,335 6,307 2,632

33. 33 Commuteshed, 2013 A county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its resident labor force travels to work. Eighty-three percent of employed residents in Vermillion County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Vigo County, Indiana, is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of the county. About 37 percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Vermillion County. Aside from Vigo County,they include Marion County (likely due, in part, to state agency workers whose place of employment is Marion County but who may be living and working in Vermillion or contiguous counties) and Vermilion County, Illinois. Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 6,307 Out-Commuters 1,335 Same Work/ Home CommutersProportion Vigo County, IN1,79123.4% Marion County, IN4806.3% Vermilion County, IL4666.1% Parke County, IN2953.9% Tippecanoe County, IN 1722.3%

34. 34 Commuteshed in 2013 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD Seventy percent of Vermillion County’s working residents are employed in Vigo, Vermillion, Marion, Parke, Tippecanoe, Lake, Allen, Montgomery, Fountain and Clay Counties in Indiana or Vermilion County in Illinois. Another 5 percent commute to Edgar County, Illinois, and Vanderburgh, Putnam and Monroe Counties in Indiana. An additional 5 percent travel to jobs in Hendricks, Porter, Sullivan, Hamilton, Delaware, St. Joseph or Dearborn Counties in Indiana. Taken together, these counties account for about 80 percent of the county’s Commuteshed.

35. 35 Laborshed, 2013 CommutersProportion Vigo County, IN53213.4% Parke County, IN2937.4% Vermilion County, IL1423.6% Fountain County, IN1092.7% Clay County, IN1062.7% Labor market ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) section 04 2,632 In-Commuters 1,335 Same Work/ Home A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees. Sixty-six percent of individuals working in Vermillion County commute from another county. Thirty percent of in-commuters reside in counties adjacent to Vermillion County. Vigo County, Indiana, is the biggest source of outside labor for Vermillion County (13.4 percent), followed by Parke County (7.4 percent) and Vermilion County, Illinois (3.6 percent).

36. 36 Laborshed in 2013 Labor market section 04 ​ Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD The bulk (70 percent) of Vermillion County’s workforce is drawn from Vigo, Parke, Fountain, Clay, Marion, Montgomery and Putnam Counties in Indiana or Vermilion County in Illinois. Another 5 percent is drawn from Warren, Hendricks or Carroll Counties in Indiana or Edgar County in Illinois. An additional 5 percent comes from Hamilton, Tippecanoe, Greene, Monroe, Johnson, or Knox Counties in Indiana. Together, 19 counties represent 80 percent of the laborshed.

37. 37 Takeaways ​ The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a toll on the Vermillion County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was quite low in 2000, it skyrocketed to over 12 percent by 2009 and peaked at 12.9 percent in 2010. Recent figures make clear that the unemployment rate has steadily improved since that time, hovering around 6.6 percent in late 2015. ​ The decline in the labor force participation rate, coupled with the higher unemployment rate in Vermillion County in recent years, may be indicative of the difficult time that some workers may be having finding a job. The falling number in the labor force may also be the result of some people becoming discouraged workers (workers who have given up trying to find a job) and/or some leaving the workforce due to retirement. ​ Approximately 83 percent of Vermillion County’s residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a sizable loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county. By so doing, they could be positioned to determine how best to reduce the leakage of educated and skilled workers to surrounding counties. Of course, this will require expansion in the number of good paying jobs that will help keep these workers in their home county. ​ The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development on a regional (multi-county) basis. Labor market section 04

38. 38 Notes ​ LAUS (Local Area Unemployment Statistics): LAUS is a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) program that provides monthly and annual labor force, employment and unemployment data by place of residence at various geographic levels. LAUS utilizes statistical models to estimate data values based on household surveys and employer reports. These estimates are updated annually. Annual county- level LAUS estimates do not include seasonal adjustments. ​ LEHD (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics): LEHD is a partnership between U.S. Census Bureau and State Department of Workforce Development (DWD) to provide labor market and journey to work data at various geographic levels. LEHD uses Unemployment Insurance earnings data and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages from DWDs and census administrative records related to individuals and businesses. ​ youreconomy.org: The youreconomy.org provides NETS, an establishment-level database. This means that each entry is a different physical location, and same company in a location might have more than one establishment. ​ OTM (On the Map): OTM, a product of LEHD program, is used in the county snapshot report to develop commuting patterns for a geography from two perspectives: place of residence and place of work. At the highly detailed level of census blocks, some of the data are synthetic to maintain confidentiality of the worker. However, for larger regions mapped at the county level, the commuteshed and laborshed data are fairly reasonable. ​ OTM includes jobs for a worker employed in the reference as well as previous quarter. Hence, job counts are based on two consecutive quarters (six months) measured at the “beginning of a quarter.” OTM data can differ from commuting patterns developed from state annual income tax returns, which asks a question about “county of residence” and “county of work” on January 1 of the tax-year. OTM can also differ from American Community Survey data, which is based on a sample survey of the resident population. ​ SAIPE (Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates): SAIPE is a U.S. Census Bureau program that provides annual data estimates of income and poverty statistics at various geographic levels. The estimates are used in the administration of federal and state assistance programs. SAIPE utilizes statistical models to estimate data from sample surveys, census enumerations, and administrative records.

39. 39 Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension. Data Analysis Andrey Zhalnin, Ph.D. Report Authors Bo Beaulieu, Ph.D. Indraneel Kumar, Ph.D. Ayoung Kim Report Design Tyler Wright

40. ​ FOR MORE INFORMATION Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD)... seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity. Purdue Extension Community Development (CD)... works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. Please contact PCRD Mann Hall, Suite 266 Purdue University 765-494-7273 pcrd@purdue.edu