1. Presented By: Shaun Dolk PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Deployment of Oceanographic Instruments - Barometer Upgrade & VOS Donation Programs

2. Overview Vessel Recruitment Instrumentation Drifting Buoys Argo Floats XBT’s Data Usage PMO Assistance Vessel Access Contact Information Barometer Upgrade Program VOS Donation Program PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile

3. Vessel Recruitment PMO Assistance is Paramount!!!!! Continuous Task Due To: Line Changes Ship Rotations Dry Dock Visits Crew Change New Vessels Needed Maintain Current Projects Expand Networks PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile

4. Vessel Recruitment (cont.) Container Ships Fisheries Vessels Research Vessels Vessels of Opportunity Sailing Vessels Volvo Ocean Race Blue Planet Odyssey Pleasure Cruises Personal Yachts Cruise Liners PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile

5. Vessel Recruitment (cont.) Container Ships Fisheries Vessels Research Vessels PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Pro Large-Scale Deployment Opps. Repeated Lines Well Seeded Region Con Repeat Lines Limited Reach Primary Targets

6. Vessel Recruitment (cont.) Secondary Search Vessels of Opportunity Sailing Vessels Volvo Ocean Race Blue Planet Odyssey Pleasure Cruises Personal Yachts Cruise Liners PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Pros Various Routes Unique Locations Expand Network Promote Awareness Con Unreliable Routes Logistic Restraints

7. Drifting Buoys PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation The Global Drifter Program (GDP) is the principle component of the Global Surface Drifting Buoy Array, a branch of NOAA's Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and a scientific project of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP). Its objectives are to: 1.Maintain a global 5x5 degree array of 1250 satellite-tracked surface drifting buoys to meet the need for an accurate and globally dense set of in-situ observations of mixed layer currents, sea surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, winds and salinity, and 2. Provide a data processing system for scientific use of these data. These data support short-term (seasonal to interannual) climate predictions as well as climate research and monitoring.

8. Drifting Buoys Components PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

9. Drifting Buoy Deployment Procedure PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

10. Drifting Buoy Array Status (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/doc_valuemaps.php) PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

11. Drifting Buoy Deployment Needs (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/doc_valuemaps.php) PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

12. ARGO Floats PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.) Argo is a global array of more than 3,000 free-drifting profiling floats that measures the temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the ocean. This allows, for the first time, continuous monitoring of the temperature, salinity, and velocity of the upper ocean, with all data being relayed and made publicly available within hours after collection.

13. ARGO Float Components PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

14. ARGO Float Array Status PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

15. ARGO Float Deployment Procedure PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

16. EXpendable BathyThermagraph (XBT) PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.) The XBT network consists of transects across all ocean basins where eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) are used to collect temperature observations of the upper 1km of the ocean. The XBTs are deployed from research vessels and ships of the Ship of Opportunity Program (SOOP). The transects are sampled in two modes: High Density (HD) and Frequently repeated (FR). All XBT transects are reviewed through an international consortium with oversight by the SOOP Implementation Panel (SOOPIP). Some transects include time series with more than 30 years of data. An XBT is a probe that is dropped from a ship and measures the temperature as it falls through the water. A very thin wire transmits the temperature data to the ship where it is recorded for later analysis. The probe is designed to fall at a known rate, so that the depth of the probe can be inferred from the time since it was launched.

17. XBT Deployment Methods PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.) XBT Hand Launcher XBT Auto-Launcher XBT Setup

18. XBT Deployment Procedure PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Instrumentation (cont.)

19. Data Usage PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Why do we gather these data and work as hard as we do? Weather Forecasting Ocean Modeling and Climate Research Search and Rescue Oil Spills, Debris Tracking, etc.

20. PMO Assistance Partnerships are Critical! Local Knowledge Facilitates Port Access Vessel Access Captain/Crew Introductions Schedule Updates Help with Equipment on Ships Temporary Storage PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile

21. Barometer Upgrade Program PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile Since the beginning of the DBCP, it has tried to combine the sensors on drifting buoys to be useful for meteorology and oceanography. One way to do this is to equip standard SVP drifters with a barometer port. http://www.jcommops.org/dbcp/platforms/barometer.html SVP Drifter Price: ~ US$1,500 Pressure Sensor Price: ~ US$1,000 -------------------------- --------------- Total SVPB Price: ~ US$2,500 Savings Per Drifter = ~ US$1,500 + Activation Fee (US$25) + Transmission Fees (~ US$475) Total Savings: ~ US$2,000

22. VOS Donation Program Initiate a DBCP/SOT drifter donation program (VOS-DP) to assist developing countries in setting up embryo national VOS Scheme1 programs whereby the donated drifter would be installed onboard a newly recruited ship as an autonomous AWS to provide a low cost, quality observation solution. I’d like to encourage developing countries to take advantage of this program! For details, please visit: PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/amp/mmop/JCOMM/OPA/SOT/d ocuments/DBCP-SOT-Drifter-Donation-for-VOS.pdf Established at PMO-4, in Orlando, FL, on December of 2010

23. Thank You! PMO-5 Workshop 20-24 July, 2015 Viña Del Mar, Chile