2. CLASSIFICATION

3. Classification KingdomPhylumClassOrder FamilyGenusSpeciesTaxonomy Dichotomous key Archaebacteria Eubacteria ProtistaPlantaeFungi AnimaliaPhylum Dichotomo us key GenusPhylum SpeciesGenusTaxonomyClassSpecies Fluency Chart…

4. DEFINITION: Refers to the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities and evolutionary relationships.

5. Classification

6. A little History: Early classification systems probably grouped organisms as to whether they were beneficial or harmful. Another ancient classification system recognized 5 animal groups : - domestic animals, wild animals, creeping animals, flying animals, and sea animals.

8. ARISTOTLE *4th century BC (384 to322 BC) *Greek philosopher *divided organisms into 2 groups - plants and animals *divided animals into blood and bloodless *also divided animals into 3 groups according to how they moved - walking, flying, or swimming (land, air, or water) *his system was used into the 1600's

9. Carolus Linnaeus… Invented “Taxonomy”

10. The science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things. Carl Linnaeus, was a Swedish botanist in the 1700’s…he’s the “father of taxonomy”

11. Statue at London’s Royal Society Tap for link

12. Linneaus invented… Binomial nomenclature –The “2 name” system of naming organisms –Ex: we are Homo sapiens

13. Emperor penguins: Aptenodytes forsteri

14. Diversity of Life means…

15. The diversity of LIFE on earth :

16. See the GIANT SALAMANDER ! SALAMANDER Who knew?

17. WHY CLASSIFY? 1. To organize the number and diversity of living things. 2. To give scientific names.

18. MODERN CLASSIFICATION INCLUDES EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS: All organisms have a family tree…it shows relationships.

20. What are DomainsWhat are Domains?

21. 8 LEVELS OF 8 LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION: DEAR KING PHILLIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI A mnemonic to remember the next page…

22. Levels of Classification (general to specific) DOMAIN is like the planet KINGDOM is like the continent PHYLUM “ country CLASS “ ORDER “ FAMILY “ GENUS “ SPECIES “

23. Comm on Name KingdomPhylum*ClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies Domest icated Dog Animalia (animals) ChordataMammaliaCarnivoraCanidaeCanisC. familiaris Sugar Maple Plantae (plants) Magnoliophyt a RosidaeSapindalesAceraceaeAcerA. saccharum Bread Mold Fungi (fungi) ZygomycotaZygomycetesMucoralisMucoraceaeRhizopusR. stolonifer Tuberc ulosis Bact eriu m Prokaryotae (bacteria) Firmicutes Actinobacteri a Actinomycetale s Mycobacteriacea e Mycobacteriu m M. tuberculosis Pond Alga Protoctista (algae, molds, protozoans) ChlorophytaEuconjugataeZygnematalisZygnemataceaeSpirogyraS. crassa * In botanical nomenclature, "division" is used instead of "phylum." Sample of classification in 5 different organisms:

24. Classification Rap!

25. BRANCHING DIAGRAMS ( also called cladograms ) SHOWS THE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS: Organisms next to each other are closely related.

26. Sample cladogram:

28. Bonobo

30. How to make a cladogram

31. Hagfish tap Shark attack foiled!

32. Sample “Tree of Life:

33. Why use scientific names?

34. Giving NAMES! The Rules are as follows: First name is the genus and is always capitalized. ex. Tyrannosaurus Second name is the species and is always in lower case letters. ex. rex All organisms have two names: Both are underlined: Tyrannosaurus rex Words are italicized when not underlined.

35. Wasp named for Bruins player!

36. Some examples of scientific names: Homo sapiens Canis familiarus Felis domestica Homarus americanis Quercus rubrum Lumbricus terrestris Rana pippins Panthera leo Musca domestica Pan troglodytes

37. USED TO IDENTIFY UNKNOWN ORGANISMS USES PAIRS OF STATEMENTS THAT ARE “EITHER OR” TO FIND THE NAME OF SOMETHING

38. OUR SCIENCE CLASS DICHOTOMOUS KEY:

39. olives All living things Some ex. of ways we classify…