1. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 1 Taking the Narrative Notes Notes 1.4

2. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 2 Crime Scene Notes Note taking begins when contacted : -name of person who contacted you -time of arrival at the scene -preliminary case information -personnel present

3. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 3 Crime Scene Notes Crime scene log, all observations made by the investigator, and the time observations were made. Notes are taken in a uniform layout, concurrent with observations Notes are written in a bound notebook in blue or black ink.

4. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 4 Crime Scene Notes Investigators may choose to record crime scene notes on audio tapes or digitally. -- Hands-free to process the scene as the notes are taken. -- Tape-recorded notes must eventually be transcribed to a written document.

5. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 5 Photography Photographs taken at a crime scene: 1) Show the layout of the crime scene 2) Show the position of collected and uncollected evidence 3) Show the point of view of victims, suspects, and witnesses 4) Show the original condition of items of evidence at the scene

6. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 6 Digital Photography A digital photograph is made when a light sensitive microchip captures light on each of millions of tiny picture elements, called pixels. The light is recorded on each pixel as a specific electric charge which is read by the camera as image information which is stored as a file on a memory card. The number of pixels is directly related to the resolution of the picture. Photographs with more pixels show increasingly good resolution, or more detail and sharpness in photographs. The number of pixels that a camera features is usually measured in millions of pixels, or megapixels.

7. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 7 Cameras The most commonly used camera at crime scenes is the Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera or the Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera. SLR and DSLR cameras allow for the use of various accessories such as lenses, flashes, and filters. SLR and DSLR cameras also allow for manual adjustment of camera settings, such as aperture and shutter speed, that affect image quality.

8. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 8 Crime Scene Photography The four minimum photographs required: Overview photographs of the entire scene and surrounding area, including points of exit and entry, are taken first. Medium-range photographs show the layout of smaller significant areas of the crime scene. Close-up photographs are taken last and show greater detail of individual objects or evidence. Taken at a 90º angle to the object, with and without evidence markers and scales For three-dimensional objects, oblique lighting may be needed to show depth details

9. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 9 Photography has come a long way

10. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 10 Tools for close-up shots

11. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 11 Images with scaled object

12. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 12 Evidence in situ

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14. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 14

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16. Forensic Science Richard Saferstein © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 16