1. Chapter 25/26 Notes, part I Organic Chemistry

2. Chemistry of carbon containing compounds is organic chemistry. The name is derived from the fact that early scientists thought carbon compounds could only be synthesized by organisms. Bob LOVES organic chemistry.

3. Hydrocarbons Organic chemistry centers around hydrocarbons— compounds made of carbon and hydrogen only. Hydrocarbons are found all around us, especially in the petroleum industry. Bob thinks understanding hydrocarbons is a bright idea!

4. Alkanes Alkanes are hydrocarbons where all the carbons are attached to each other with single bonds. A straight chain alkane has all carbons in a row (no branches). Bob jumps for joy because alkanes are grrrreat!

5. Naming straight chain alkanes Ten prefixes are needed for naming most common alkanes: Meth- =1hex-=6 Eth-=2hept-=7 Prop-=3oct-=8 But-=4non-=9 Pent-=5dec-=10 Now Bob is sad……he only has six toes to count with!

6. Naming straight chain alkanes First, count the number of carbons in the chain. Second, start the name with the prefix for that many carbons and end it in –ane.

7. Branch chain alkanes and alkyl groups Not all alkanes are in a straight line! Anything that is attached where hydrogen is usually located is called a substituent. A hydrocarbon substituent is called an alkyl group.

8. Naming branch chain alkanes First, name the alkyl group coming off of the main chain. Give the prefix for the number of carbons, then end it in –yl. Then name the main chain, ending just like before in – ane. Oh boy, Bob’s going to have to study this!

9. Naming branch chain alkanes If there is more than one place to put an alkyl group, you have to put a number before it to signify its location. Number from the end that gives you the lowest overall number. If there is more than one alkyl group, put a prefix to show how many there are (di, tri, tetra, etc.)

10. Just remember, Bob loves you!