1. Range of Motion

2. Definition the extent of movement that a joint is capable of performing Range of motion is used when doing routine activities such as bathing, eating, and dressing

3. Purpose of ROM To prevent problems caused by a lack of movement To prevent problems caused by inactivity, such as: –contractures: a tightening and shortening of a muscle (e.g. footdrop) –Muscles may atrophy (shrink) when they are not used –Joints become stiff –Blood clots and pressure sores may develop

4. Active Range of Motion movements performed by the patient without help

5. Passive Range of Motion movement cannot be performed by the patient; the health care worker must move each joint through its range of motion

6. General rules for Range of Motion Use good body mechanics; raise the bed to your waist level if the patient is in bed Expose only the body part being exercised Explain to the patient what you are going to do and teach the patient how to do them

7. General rules for Range of Motion Support the extremity being exercised Move each joint until there is resistance but not pain Move each joint slowly, smoothly and gently Return the joint to a neutral position after the movement Repeat each exercise 3-5 times

8. Joint Movement Abduction: moving a body part away from the midline Adduction: moving a body part toward the midline Flexion: bending a body part Extension: straightening a body part

9. Joint Movement Hyperextension: excessive straightening of a body part Rotation: moving in a circle at a joint Pronation: turning a body part downward Supination: turning a body part upward

10. Joint Movement Inversion: turning a body part inward Eversion: turning a body part outward Dorsiflexion: bending toes backward toward face Plantar Flexion: pointing toes downward (like a ballerina)

11. Body Mechanics

12. Body mechanics Definition: Using all of your body parts efficiently to lift and move safely Body alignment Refers to the correct positioning of head, back, and limbs

13. Posture Definition: Position of body parts in relation to each other. Mobility Definition: The ability to move.

14. Balance Definition: The ability to maintain a steady position that does not tip. Body support A device used to support the body at work to reduce damage when lifting, moving and transferring patients

15. Techniques to use 1.Use stronger, larger muscles to perform tasks which require physical effort. 2.When moving a heavy object, try to push or pull instead of lifting the item 3.Get help if object feels too heavy to lift

16. Techniques to use 4.Lift in a smooth motion to prevent injury 5.Maintain good posture 6.Avoid twisting the body 7.Bend knees, keep back straight, spread feet about one foot apart, use leg muscles when lifting

17. Body Mechanics Conditions which affect moving, lifting, or transferring clients -Obesity-Fragility -Amputation-Paralysis - Extra equipment needs - Altered level of consciousness - Language barriers - Hearing or vision loss

18. Let’s Practice…