2. Laboratory Techniques TM1 Circulatory System Functions Respiratory – O2 and CO2 exchange Excretory – removes waste from body cells Protection – clotting, transports white blood cells to infections Nutrition – carries energy and food throughout the body Regulatory – helps to maintain pH and temperature Hormonal – transfers hormones to organs

3. Laboratory Techniques TM2 Heart Circulation Pulmonary Arteries- to lungs Aorta Right Ventricle Left Atrium Left Ventricle Pulmonary Veins Caudal Vena Cava Cranial Vena Cava Right Atrium

4. Laboratory Techniques TM3 Major Veins Cranial vena cava Right axillary vein Jugular veins Cephalic veins Caudal vena cava Saphenous vein Femoral vein Renal vein Right brachial vein Ovarian vein Testicular vein Right external iliac Caudal vein

5. Laboratory Techniques TM4 Major Arteries Brachiocephalic Right axillary Facial arteries Common carotid arteries Aorta Pulmonary artery Femoral artery Renal artery Right brachial Ovarian artery Testicular artery Right external iliac Caudal artery Mesenteric arteries

6. Laboratory Techniques TM5 Blood is composed of : 40% cells and %60 plasma  The cells that in the blood are:  Erythrocytes (red blood cells)  Leukocytes (white blood cells)  Platelets Structure of Blood

7. Laboratory Techniques TM6 Erythrocyte (red blood cell) The most abundant blood cell Function – transport O 2 throughout the body Mammals – no cell nucleus Birds & Reptiles –cell nucleus

8. Laboratory Techniques TM7 Neutrophil Function- to stop or slow down foreign organisms They work by: –Phagocytosis – to eat bacteria and dead cells –Bacteriocidal – to kill bacteria

9. Laboratory Techniques TM8 Functions – –Phagocytosis –Mediate allergic reactions –Produce heparin and histamine Basophil

10. Laboratory Techniques TM9 Functions – –Moderate the inflammatory response –phagocytosis Eosinophil

11. Laboratory Techniques TM10 Lymphocyte & Monocyte Lymphocyte – plays a vital role in immunity  T-cells (memory cells) – cells are sensitized to an antigen, remember that antigen and fight it off next time  B-cells – divide to form many cells to fight an antigen Monocyte – largest blood cell  Function is phagocytosis

12. Laboratory Techniques TM11 Function – –Hemostasis (clotting) – stop bleeding by adhering to damaged vessels and clumping together, release proteins that help form a clot Thrombocyte

13. Laboratory Techniques TM12 Urinary System Urethra Ureter Bladder Kidney Ureter Urethra Bladder

14. Laboratory Techniques TM13 The Kidney Renal artery Ureter Cortex Medulla Renal pelvis Renal capsule

15. Laboratory Techniques TM14 The Nephron Arterioles Glomerulus Bowman’s capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Collecting duct