3. 1. The ene suffix (ending) indicates an alkene 2. The longest chain chosen for the root name must include both carbon atoms of the double bond. 3. The root chain must be numbered from the end nearest a double bond carbon atom. If the double bond is in the center of the chain, the nearest substituent rule is used to determine the end where numbering starts. 4. The smaller of the two numbers designating the carbon atoms of the double bond is used as the double bond locator. If more than one double bond is present the compound is named as a diene, triene or equivalent prefix indicating the number of double bonds, and each double bond is assigned a locator number.

4.   2,3-dimethyl-2-heptene

6. CH 3 CH=CHCH 3

7. When the carbon chain has 4 or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond. 1 2 3 4 CH 2 =CHCH 2 CH 3 1-butenebut-1-ene CH 3 CH=CHCH 3 2-butenebut-2-ene CH 3 C  CCH 3 2-butynebut-2-yne

8.  Alkenes and alkynes are considered to have equal priority  In a molecule with both a double and a triple bond, whichever is closer to the end of the chain determines the direction of numbering.  In the case where each would have the same position number, the double bond takes the lower number.  In the name, “ene” comes before “yne” because of alphabetization.

9.  2-ethyl-1-butene  4-methyl-2-hexene  2-pentene  4-methyl-2-pentene  3-heptene

10. C-C-C || C-C

11.  1. The yne suffix (ending) indicates an alkyne 2. The longest chain chosen for the root name must include both carbon atoms of the triple bond. 3. The root chain must be numbered from the end nearest a triple bond carbon atom. If the triple bond is in the center of the chain, the nearest substituent rule is used to determine the end where numbering starts. 4. The smaller of the two numbers designating the carbon atoms of the triple bond is used as the triple bond locator. 5. If several multiple bonds are present, each must be assigned a locator number. Double bonds precede triple bonds in the IUPAC name, but the chain is numbered from the end nearest a multiple bond, regardless of its nature.

12.  2-methyl-3-hexyne

13.  Step 1. Name the longest chain to which the hydroxyl (—OH) group is attached. The name for this chain is obtained by dropping the final -e from the name of the hydrocarbon parent name and adding the ending -ol.  Step 2. Number the longest chain to give the lowest possible number to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group.  Step 3. Locate the position of the hydroxyl group by the number of the C to which it is attached.  Step 4. Locate and name any other substituents.  Step 5. Combine the name and location for other groups, the hydroxyl group location, and the longest chain into the final name.

14.  Methanol CH3OH methyl alcohol  Ethanol CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol  1-propanol CH3CH2CH2OH  Try drawing 2-propanol……

15. Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group; this is called a carboxyl group  Parent name ends in -noic acid  Find longest chain containing the carboxyl group carbon  Number C’s starting at carboxyl group carbon  Locate and number substituents and give full name  The smallest carboxylic acids are usually named by their common names  The carboxyl group takes precedence over all other groups

17.  in these examples, the common name is given in parentheses  an -OH substituent is indicated by the prefix hydroxy-; an -NH 2 substituent by the prefix amino-

18. dioic acid  to name a dicarboxylic acid, add the suffix -dioic acid to the name of the parent alkane that contains both carboxyl groups  the numbers of the carboxyl carbons are not indicated because they can be only at the ends of the chain

19.  Parent name ends in -oate  First name the alkyl group attached to the oxygen  Follow by the carboxylic acid name converted to end in -oate  For IUPAC use the IUPAC name for both alkyl group and acid  Many small esters are also know by their common names