1. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM HST I - 2010

2. EXTERNAL GROSS ANATOMY Penis – pathway for urination, pathway for seminal fluid and allows for fertilization of the egg. Penis – pathway for urination, pathway for seminal fluid and allows for fertilization of the egg. Tissue: 1) Corpus spongiosum – Mass of spongy tissue surrounding the urethra within the penis. 2) Corpus cavernosa – Erectile tissue that fills with blood causing an erection. (Priapism – erectile tissue that won’t return to flaccid) Tissue: 1) Corpus spongiosum – Mass of spongy tissue surrounding the urethra within the penis. 2) Corpus cavernosa – Erectile tissue that fills with blood causing an erection. (Priapism – erectile tissue that won’t return to flaccid)

3. Glans Penis and Prepuce Glans penis – head of the penis, has many nerve endings and the urethral opening for urination. Glans penis – head of the penis, has many nerve endings and the urethral opening for urination. Prepuce (foreskin) – for protection, retractable if penis is not circumcised. phimosis – tightness of the foreskin of the penis, preventing retraction (congenital or from an infection) Prepuce (foreskin) – for protection, retractable if penis is not circumcised. phimosis – tightness of the foreskin of the penis, preventing retraction (congenital or from an infection)

4. Scrotum Scrotum – a skin and muscle sac containing the testicles. The function of the scrotum is to keep the temperature of the testes lower than the temperature of the body. The muscles contract and relax to pull the testes closer and farther away from the body to adjust the temperature. Higher temperatures damage the sperm cell. Scrotum – a skin and muscle sac containing the testicles. The function of the scrotum is to keep the temperature of the testes lower than the temperature of the body. The muscles contract and relax to pull the testes closer and farther away from the body to adjust the temperature. Higher temperatures damage the sperm cell.

5. Bulbourethral Glands Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands: produce a clear, viscous secretion, known as pre-ejaculate that lubricates the urethra for sperm to pass through. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands: produce a clear, viscous secretion, known as pre-ejaculate that lubricates the urethra for sperm to pass through.

6. Testes Testes (testicles): located in the scrotum and function to produce sperm and the male sex hormones such as testosterone. (Cryptorchidism: failure of the scrotum to descend from the abdomen after birth, causes sterility.) Testes (testicles): located in the scrotum and function to produce sperm and the male sex hormones such as testosterone. (Cryptorchidism: failure of the scrotum to descend from the abdomen after birth, causes sterility.)

7. Epididymis Narrow, coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of the testicle to the vas deferens, located on top of the testes Narrow, coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of the testicle to the vas deferens, located on top of the testes Used for storage of sperm Used for storage of sperm

8. Vas Deferens Transportation tube from epididymis to urethra Transportation tube from epididymis to urethra Sperm exits slowly from the vas deferens in preparation for ejaculation Sperm exits slowly from the vas deferens in preparation for ejaculation Seminal vesicle deposits sugars and alkaline fluid to neutralize the environment and make sperm more mobile. Seminal vesicle deposits sugars and alkaline fluid to neutralize the environment and make sperm more mobile.

9. Ejaculatory Duct Semen passes through the ejaculatory ducts and exits the body through the penis. Semen passes through the ejaculatory ducts and exits the body through the penis. Formed from the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. Formed from the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle.

10. http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/images/pageContentImages/BEP_Image-02.jpg

11. Spermatogenesis The process by which male spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa (sperm). Takes 24-48 hrs The process by which male spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa (sperm). Takes 24-48 hrs Meiosis – The process by which the number of chromosomes is halved from 46 to 23. Meiosis – The process by which the number of chromosomes is halved from 46 to 23. Mitosis – The process by which the cell separates the chromosomes into two identical sets. Mitosis – The process by which the cell separates the chromosomes into two identical sets.

12. Circumcision Male circumcision is the removal of some or all of the prepuce (foreskin) from the penis. Male circumcision is the removal of some or all of the prepuce (foreskin) from the penis. Can be performed for religious or cultural reasons. Can be performed for religious or cultural reasons. Things to consider: Hygiene, pain, ethical issues (child has no choice) Things to consider: Hygiene, pain, ethical issues (child has no choice)

13. Birth Defects Hypospadias – Urethra opens on the bottom of the head of the penis Hypospadias – Urethra opens on the bottom of the head of the penis Epispadias – Urethra opens on the top of the head of the penis. Surgery is usually done to correct this defect. Epispadias – Urethra opens on the top of the head of the penis. Surgery is usually done to correct this defect.

14. Diseases and Disorders Impotence – Erectile Dysfunction - unable to maintain an erection long enough for sexual intercourse. Problems with blood vessels, nerves or tissues of the penis can interfere with an erection. Impotence – Erectile Dysfunction - unable to maintain an erection long enough for sexual intercourse. Problems with blood vessels, nerves or tissues of the penis can interfere with an erection. Sterility – No sperm is released from the body. (Vasectomy: surgery cutting the vas deferens to cause sterility.) Sterility – No sperm is released from the body. (Vasectomy: surgery cutting the vas deferens to cause sterility.)

15. Diseases and Disorders cont. Torsion of the testes – The vas deferens becomes twisted and cuts off the blood supply to the testes. Torsion of the testes – The vas deferens becomes twisted and cuts off the blood supply to the testes. BPH – Benign prostatic hypertrophy. The prostate enlarges causing inward blockage of the urine flow. Symptoms include nocturnal (night time) urination and stream decreased – affects mostly men over 40. BPH – Benign prostatic hypertrophy. The prostate enlarges causing inward blockage of the urine flow. Symptoms include nocturnal (night time) urination and stream decreased – affects mostly men over 40.

16. Abbreviations

17. T & A – tonsillectomy T or temp – temperature Tab – tablet TB – tuberculosis Tbsp - tablespoon

18. T/A – transient ischemic attack TLC – tender loving care To – telephone order Tol – tolerated TPR – temperature, pulse, respiration Tx – treatment

19. UA – urinalysis Ur – urine URI – upper respiratory infection UTI – urinary tract infection UV – ultra violet