1. There are three shapes of bacteria: Spirilla Coccus ________

2. THEY ARE EVERYWHERE!!!

3.  Cell Wall  outer covering that protects the cell  Cell Membrane  Controls what goes in and out of the cell (also called plasma membrane)

4.  Cytoplasm  Gel-like material inside the cell membrane  Ribosomes  Chemical factories where proteins are produced  DNA  Genetic material  Contains instructions for all of the cell’s functions

5.  Flagellum  Plural Flagella  Long, whip-like structure to help cell move  May have many, 1, or none  Most do not have any & are carried from place to place by:  Air  Water currents  Other objects

6.  Cocci (Coccus)  Spherical

7.  Bacilli (Bacillus)  Rod-shaped

8.  Spirilla (Spirochetes)  Spiral Shaped

9.  PROKARYOTES - do not have an organized nucleus  Most known prokaryotes are BACTERIA  Archaea (oldest known)  Can move  Get energy  Can reproduce (usually asexually)  Very small and simple  Eukaryotes- have an organized nucleus  US!!!!!!

10.  When bacteria have: 1. Plenty of food 2. Correct temperature 3. Suitable conditions they thrive and reproduce frequently. Some can reproduce as often as every 20 minutes!!!!!!

11.  Asexual  Involves only 1 parent and produces offspring identical to the parent  Most bacteria reproduce this way- it is called BINARY FISSION 1. Cell enlarges 2. Cell duplicates DNA 3. Cell and DNA copy start to separate 4. Cell divides into 2 separate cells (identical)

13.  Sexual  Two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents  Sometimes occurs  Have to be really special conditions  Called:  CONJUGATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O- EdX4MaMFE http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/ week7/bacterial_conjugation.mov

14.  Endospore Formation  Sometimes conditions are harsh for bacteria to survive  Form Endospores for survival  Endospores- small, rounded, thick-walled, restless cell that forms inside a bacterial cell  Contains cells genetic material & cytoplasm

15.  Bacteria must have:  A source of food  A way of breaking down the food to release its energy  Bacteria are classified on how they get their food

16.  Autotroph (producer)  Make their own food by: 1. Capture and use sun’s energy (like plants do) 2. Use energy from chemical substances in their environment to make food Examples: bacteria in pond cause the green cloudy scum in water, bacteria in hot springs use chemical energy to make food  Heterotroph (consumer)  Consume other organisms or the food other organisms make  Example: bacteria in yogurt breaks down the sugars in milk for food  Decomposer  Break down and feed off of dead organisms  Saprophytes  Break down dead leaves in the fall

17.  Don’t all have a cell wall  3 types  Heat lovers  Found in really hot environments  Ocean vents, hot springs, geysers  Salt lovers  Found in areas with high salt content  Oceans, The Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake  Methane lovers  Found in swamps or animal intestines  Really stinky!!