1. Exam Preparation Session for International Entrepreneurship Research & Practice (IERP) Exam Day, Place & Time - June 9, Monday - Room & Time ??? 2 Tasks: Choose 1 Choose 1 out of 2 tasks and answer 3 Questions for this task! Do NOT answer 2 tasks! Those exam sheets which contain answers to 2 tasks will NOT be evaluated!

2. Distribution of Points For each question, you can earn about 15-20 points, dependent on the difficulty of the questions. You have to answer 3-4 questions for each task. So, the rule of thumb is that you should invest about the same amount of time as the amount of points given to the specific question. Nota Bene: Please DO NOT write emails asking about the exam structure & the contents. If any questions, please come to my office hours!!!

4. Some Examples for IERP Exam Questions (1) Question 1: Entry Determinans into Entrepreneurship Applying the economic theory of human capital (Gary S. Becker 1964) in the entrepreneurship context, one would argue that education increases one’s probability to become self-employed. a) Explain the mechanisms why education might be positively associated with the entry into entrepreneurship. (10 points) However, the empirical evidence about the relationship between education and the entry into self-employment is not conclusive. While some have found the positive impact of education on the entry into self-employment, others could not support the positive association between the two. b) Explain why education might not be positively associated with the entry into self-employment? Give examples to support your answer (15 points).

5. Some Examples for IERP Exam Questions (2) Question 2: Intergenerational Transmission into Self- Employment The intergenerational transmission of self-employment, meaning that the offspring of self-employed parents are more likely to become self-employed than the offspring of non self-employed parents, is one of strongest determinants of the entry into entrepreneurship. Explain the relationship between the “intergenerational transmission of self-employment” and the entry into entrepreneurship. Draw on economic and sociological theories to support your answers. (10 points)

6. Some Examples for IERP Exam Questions (3) Question 3: Intergenerational Transmission into Self- Employment (cont.) b) It could be argued that the intergenerational transfer of self- employment will only work, if the offspring value their parents’ activity. Would you agree with this statement? If yes/no, what kind of theory and empirical evidence would you use to substantiate your answer and why? (15 points)

7. RECAPITULATION OF THE LECTURE STAFF

8. 1)SMALL BUSINESS SECTOR Before Birch Study: Understanding of the SMEs Role in the Economy Birch (Study) “Small Business Sector and Job Creation” Small Business Sector: Dissecting the Myth and Re-Assessing the Facts (Davis et al.). Criticism on Birch’ Study Contemporary German Studies Rejecting the Dominance of Small Firms over Large Enterprises in the Job Creation/Problems of these Studies Changes of Small Firm Careers over Time: The U-Shaped Pattern of Re-Emergence of Small Enterprises & the Determinants of Re-Emergence On Definitions of SMEs and Their Problems Economic Functions of SMEs

9. 2) CLASSICAL THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP Creative Destruction Theory (Schumpeter) Entrepreneurial Discovery and Competitive Market Process (Israel Kirzner) Comparison between Entrepreneurial Opportunities by Schumpeter & Kirzner Risk, Uncertainty & Profit (Frank Knight)

10. 3) ENTRY INTO ENTREPRENEURSHIP: PSYCHOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC & SOCIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS Entrepreneur’s Psychological Profile and Its Criticism in E- ship Research The SEU Model and the decision to become self-employed: On the role of financial capital, human capital & opportunity costs Social Embeddedness of the Decision to Become Self- Employed: On the Role of Strong and Weak Ties Age & Entry into E-ship Women’s Entrepreneurship in Advanced Welfare States (cancelled)

11. 4)SUCCESS, SURVIVAL AND GROWTH FACTORS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP Guest Speaker 1: Financing Strategies of Start-Ups and SMEs (NOT EXAM RELEVANT!!) Guest Speaker 2: - Success and Growth Factors of Newly Established Businesses - Internationalization Strategies of High-Tech Start-Ups

12. 5.a.) INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP Institutional Environments & Economic Performance (North 1990) Institutional Environments for Entrepreneuship (Shane 2003) TEA : Definitions on Nascent and Young/Baby Entrepreneurs Necessity versus Opportunity-Based E-ship E-ship & the Level of Economic Development International Statistics on Institutional Environments & E-ship

13. 5.b.) PRODUCTIVE, UNPRODUCTIVE & DESTRUCTIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP (we will see whether we can make it!)

14. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Vartuhi Tonoyan Research Fellow & Lecturer Institute for Small Business Research, U Mannheim ++49-621-181-2895 (phone) ++49-621-181-2892 (fax) tonoyan@mail.ifm.uni-mannheim.de Office hours: Mondays, 11.00-12.00 am, L 9, 1-2, 68161 Mannheim, 2nd level