1. Chemistry – Sept 9, 2016  P3 Challenge –  If olive oil has a density of 0.93 g/cm 3, what is the mass of 25 mL of olive oil?  Get out Al Foil Lab materials

2. Objectives and Agenda  Objectives  To learn how to write a lab report  Agenda  Aluminum Foil Lab overview  Parts of a Laboratory Report  What’s Due? (Pending assignments to complete.)  Write your laboratory Report, Due Monday 9/12  What’s Next? (How to prepare for the next day)  Begin Studying for the Unit 1 Test on 9/14

3. Aluminum Foil Lab overview  Identification of goals  Identification of resources and tools available  Identification of what data CAN be collected  Record the best measurements possible for these three quantities.  Use the measured quantities and density to find the thickness of the foil.  Determine how many atoms thick the foil is using the atomic information.  Determine the total number of Al atoms in the aluminum foil  Write the laboratory report.

4.  Although Labs may be performed in class with a partner and data will be shared each student is responsible for their own lab report. Students who submit a group lab report or lab reports that are almost identical will receive a zero. Typed Lab Reports are preferred, but handwritten are acceptable. Digital reports are insufficient.  Perform lab work in pairs  Share data with partner  Each student writes their own report  Please type, if possible.  Hint: A hybrid is often easiest. Type most, but leave a space for calculations and equations and write in by hand on a printout. General Laboratory Report Format

5. Grading overview (25 pts)  1. Title (1)  2. Introduction (3)  3. Purpose (2)  4. Hypothesis (2)  5. Procedure (3)  6. Data (3)  7. Data Analysis (3)  8. Discussion (3)  9. Conclusion (2)  General Format (3)

6. 1. Title  Title: Name the report. Something like “Chemistry Lab Report” is not specific enough.  Other possible vague titles for this lab?  Lab 1 Density Doing the impossible  Measurement Mass and Volume Aluminum Foil  Calculations  Each table propose at least one possible specific title and put on board. How many different good specific titles can we write?  In addition to your title, the top of your report should also include your name, the date the experiment was done, the date the report was written/submitted, and your class.

7. 2. Introduction  Introduction (or Background): This should be written in the 3 rd person. This should be several sentences to introduce the lab and background information, ideas, formulas, or chemical equations important to the lab. Sometimes you may reorganize class notes into a short paragraph. It is not an abstract and it is not the purpose of the lab.  Use a subheading Introduction (or Background) All sections except the title should carry a subheading to organize the report. (not numbered)  What information does a reader need to know in order to understand the report?  What concepts, or formulas should be included for this lab?

8. 3. Purpose(s)  Purpose/Problem: State what the problem is that you are researching. What are you trying to accomplish or determine in this lab? (may be a statement(s) beginning with “To…” or a question(s))  Use a subheading  May write as a bulleted list if there are multiple purposes.  What are the three stated purposes for this lab?

9. 4. Hypothesis  Hypothesis: What is your prediction to the outcome of the lab? Your hypothesis should be should be a clear, and exact description of what should happen and why. It can be more than one sentence. It can be in a logical format like “if…then...” format.  Use a subheading  If there is an independent variable and dependent variable, the hypothesis should state how you expect the DV will depend on the IV.  Are there an IV and DV for this first lab?  The Lab information asks you to give an educated guess to answer the three purposes. Try to do this BEFORE you actually calculate them. Be honest. It’s perfectly OK to disprove a hypothesis. Your hypothesis is just a guess. Do this now, before you calculate your answers.

10. 5. Procedure  Procedure (written in 1 st person.)  A. First list materials, equipment, and size/amounts of everything used.  B. List the steps taken in complete sentences, past tense and first person. This part should be written clearly enough that anyone could duplicate your experiment. Do not write what I told you to do but what you did. Include the IV and DV if appropriate. Include how the DV was monitored. Were there controls? How was all relevant data recorded and how many trials did you perform?  Use a subheading  A bulleted list or table for the list of equipment and materials is appropriate. Sentences are not needed.  For the procedure, a numbered list of steps can be used. Each numbered item should be a complete sentence. Or it can be in paragraph form.  Describe what you did in enough detail that someone could read your report and duplicate your work without any additional information from you.  Every piece of data reported later should be connected to a procedure that explains how the data was measured, NOT CALCULATED. Calculations belong in Data Analysis.

11. 6. Data  Data—There may be two types  A. Qualitative- This will involve the 5 senses. You may use pictures or diagrams with an explanation of the images.  B. Quantitave —This is all the raw numerical data. It should be presented in a labeled table with units of measure and titles and reflect the proper number of significant digits.  Use a subheading  What data did you record?  Qualitative and Quantitative measurements.  What data was recorded for this lab?  Note: Verify data is recorded to the proper number of sigfigs and includes units.  NOT calculations

12. 7. Data Analysis / Results / Calculations  Data Analysis: This is where all the calculations will be correctly calculated and presented. It may be in the form of charts, graphs, tables etc. All graphs and charts should have a title, labels, appropriate data and units. All results should be explained here. What does the data mean? Are there patterns in the data? Identify this and describe it. If the lab has questions with it, they should be answered here.  Use a subheading  Finally, the calculations!! All calculations.  Explain what you calculate in words, then show the calculation using formulas and substituting the data.  For this lab there are three main calculations to do and describe.  Use graphs and tables when needed  Other labs, you may need to find differences, or averages, etc…  Explain the results. What did you find?

13. 8. Discussion  Discussion:(1 st person): In paragraph form, discuss your results. Evaluate the lab and your results. How do your results compare to the accepted or known value or findings? Did you think of further questions after completing this lab? What were the strengths and weaknesses in the set up and methods used? How would you improve the lab? Identify and critique procedural mistakes or sources of error (at least 2) that could affect the data.  Use a subheading  Evaluate your results. (See questions  )  Percent error calculation  Did everything go as planned?  Outliers?  Even if everything went as planned, what sources of error (2) are present?  Measurement error is always one to report for each piece of equipment used.  Incorrect calculations or rounding are NOT sources of error. They are mistakes. 8. Discussion

14. 9. Conclusion  Conclusion (1 st person): In paragraph form, conclude the lab. Be sure you refer back to the hypothesis and purpose of the lab.  Use a subheading  Should refer to each purpose…was the purpose met?  Should comment on each hypothesis…was the hypothesis supported or should the hypothesis be rejected.

15. General Format  3 points for  Using subheadings, having all parts present and in the proper order  Being readable (typed/legible), using grammar and spelling and using “I” only when 1 st person voice is allowed.  Using proper sigfigs and units on all measurements and calculations

16. Exit Slip - Homework  What do you think will be the hardest part of writing your laboratory report this weekend?  What’s Due? (Pending assignments to complete.)  Write your laboratory Report, Due Monday 9/12  What’s Next? (How to prepare for the next day)  Begin Studying for the Unit 1 Test on 9/14