1. Large carbon based molecules!

2. Has 4 valence e- Can form 4 covalent bonds Form long chains Form ring structures

3. Polymers – large molecules made up of smaller unites called monomers. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Polymer

4. Monomer – smaller unit that is the building block of a polymer. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids PolymerMonomer Glucose & Fructose None Amino Acid Nucleotide

5. Dehydration synthesis – linking of monomer units to form polymers by removing water.

6. Hydration synthesis – breaking down of polymer units into monomer units by adding water.

7. Structure – sugar made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Function – main source of energy for living things, stored energy as starch in plants, structure in plants- cellulose.

8. Monsaccharide – single sugar (glucose, fructose, or galactose).

9. Polysaccharide – many sugars linked together. Example: Starch, Cellulose

10. Glycogen – polysaccharides found in animal muscles and liver. Starch & Cellulose – polysaccharides found in plant cells and cell walls.

11. Structure – 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol (contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Function – Store energy, chemical messengers, protect/insulate, provide structure

12. Examples: Fats, oils, waxes, steroids Saturated fats: all single bonds (unhealthy-clogs arteries) (solids) Unsaturated fats: one or more double bonds (Better for you) (Liquids)

13. Hydrogenated Fats: chemically changed to saturated fats

14. Structure –amino acids made from carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and possibly phosphorus and sulfur Function – structure, allow movement, help chemical reactions (enzymes), antibodies, hormones, pigments

15. Made from 20 different amino acids

16. Structure – nucleotides made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus Function – Traits Examples: DNA and RNA