1. Page 219

2. Lipid classification 1.simple lipids ---fats 脂肪 ---waxes 蠟類 (page 229) 2.complex lipids ---phospholipids 磷脂類 (A) glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂類 (B) sphingophospholipids 神經鞘磷脂類 ---glycolipids(glycosphingolipids) 醣脂質 ---other complex lipids e.g sulfolipids, aminolipid, lipoprotein etc. 3.precursor and derived lipids 3 Fatty acids 脂肪酸 + glycerol 甘油 Page 219

4. 三酸甘油酯 ROH + R’COOH R’COOR + H2O Page 219 Fats 脂肪

5. Structural formulas of some C 18 fatty acids. Page 219 Fatty Acid 脂肪酸 COO - under physiological condition

6. Page 220 Common in nature common Nomenclature 命名法 1.Systemic nomenclatures 2.Common name 俗名 saturated vs. unsaturated monounsaturated & polyunsaturated 硬脂酸 油酸 棕櫚酸

7. Page 220

8. Composition of hydrocarbon tails in phospholipids FluidViscous Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails with kinks Saturated hydro- Carbon tails Page 220

9. 乙酸 丙酸 Page 220

12. Page 221

13. Page 222 cis fatty acids vs. trans fatty acids

14. 三酸甘油酯 ROH + R’COOH R’COOR + H2O Page 222 Triacylglycerols 三酸甘油酯

15. Page 222 (common name)

16. Page 229 Waxes

18. Lipid classification 1.simple lipids ---fats 脂肪 ---waxes 臘類 (page 229) 2.complex lipids ---phospholipids 磷脂類 (A) glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂類 (B) sphingophospholipids 神經鞘磷脂類 ---glycolipids(glycosphingolipids) 醣脂質 ---other complex lipids e.g sulfolipids, aminolipid, lipoprotein etc. 3.precursor and derived lipids 3 Fatty acids 脂肪酸 + glycerol 甘油 Page 224

19. 2.Complex lipids ---phospholipids 磷脂類 (A) glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂類 (B) sphingophospholipids 神經鞘磷脂類 ---glycolipids(glycosphingolipids) 醣脂質 ---other complex lipids e.g sulfolipids, aminolipid, lipoprotein etc.

20. Phospholipid

21. 磷脂酸 (lecithin) (Diphosphatidylglycerol) Page 225

22. Structures of Several Glycerophospholipids Page 225

23. *Amphipathic molecules (hydrophophilic & hydrophobic region) 兩者 Page 225

24. Page 226 (PAF) Ether glycerophospholipids (A) ethanolamine

25. (B) Page 227 Phospholipase resistance

26. Page 227

27. 神經醯胺 神經胺基醇 Page 228

28. Choline (or ethanolamine)

29. Glycolipid

30. Page 228 Sugar(s) + ceramide ＝

31. ceramide Page 228 *Tay-Sachs disease

32. Abnormal ganglioside deposits in the lysosome Page 228

33. Terpenes ---combinations of two or more molecules of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene): Isoprene is the chemical 2-methyl-1,3- butadiene: Page 229

34. Derivatives of isoprene Page 260

35. Steroids Page 233

36. Page 234

37. Cholestrol

39. 1.The dual effects of cholesterol on membrane fluidity ---decrease membrane fluidity at high temperature ---increase membrane fluidity at low temperature 2.Sterols (cholesterol in animal) decrease the permeability of a lipid bilayer to ions and small polar molecules. Functions of cholesterol on membrane:

40. Fig. 8-18a, p. 234

41. Fig. 8-19, p. 235

42. Fig. 8-20, p. 237