1. Driving question: How do cows grow? 1.What does a cow need in order to grow? 2.How does a cow use these things in order to grow?

2. Inputs and outputs in cow’s body Can you determine what happens inside cow’s body and how does cow grow and move?

3. Matter entering and leaving animals Materials in grass (materials entering cow) Materials in cow Materials leaving cow by breathing, urination and perspiration Cow’s feces H2OH2O minerals H2OH2O Carbohydrates minerals Protein Fat H2OH2O CO 2 minerals H2OH2O Carbohydrates minerals Fat Protein

4. Food (large organic molecules) Animal biomass (large organic molecules) H 2 O & CO 2 Digestion Digestive system Circulatory system All body tissues Cells Circulatory system, lungs Flow chart of tracing food inside the body Cellular Respiration Biosynthesis For animal growth For animal movement Small organic molecules

5. Comparing food molecules LIPIDS GLUCOSE STARCH PROTEIN FIBER/CELLULOSE

6. Materials needed for the paperclip modeling activity 60 paperclips to make bonds between monomers: Fat monomers: Protein monomers: Carbohydrate monomer: glucose glycerol fatty acids amino acid

7. Build Food Molecules Step 1: Build a STARCH molecule by linking together 6 glucose monomers. Step 2: Build a FAT molecule by linking 3 fatty acid monomers to 1 glycerol molecule. Step 3: Build PROTEIN molecules by linking 5 amino acid monomers. There are different unique amino acids (3 types of cards) and when combined in different ways you get different protein molecules. Step 4: One type of carbohydrate is cellulose, also called fiber. Build a FIBER molecule by making 2 chains of 6 glucose molecules, placing them side- by-side and linking them together with more paperclips.

8. Food Polymers Starch Fat Protein Cellulose

9. Place large food molecules here in grass Food molecules are in the grass

10. Digest Food Molecules Step 1: Digest a STARCH molecule by breaking the starch molecule into individual glucose molecules. Step 2: Digest a FAT molecule by separating the three fatty acids from the glycerol molecule. Step 3: Digest PROTEIN molecules by breaking the protein into individual amino acids. Step 4: People cannot digest FIBER (cellulose) molecules, but cattle can digest some fiber. Digest cellulose molecules by breaking the chain of glucose molecules into individual glucose molecules

11. Digestion occurs in stomach and small intestines Break apart large food molecules into small molecules here in intestines

12. Small molecules move through circulatory system Small molecules move from intestines to arteries, and the heart pumps blood and small molecules to all parts of the body.

13. Digested Monomers glucose glycerol amino acid fatty acid

14. Build Cow Muscles Step 1: Build a FAT molecule by linking 3 fatty acid monomers to 1 glycerol molecule. Step 2: Build PROTEIN molecules by linking 5 amino acid monomers. There different unique amino acids (3 types of cards) and when combined in different ways you get different protein molecules. Step 3: What do you think happens to the molecules of food that aren’t used in biosynthesis? What is in BEEF?

15. Muscle Polymers Fat Protein

16. Build large molecules in muscle here Put waste molecules outside of the cow (carbohydrates in feces and urine) …put carbon dioxide from the breath now outside the cow Put waste molecules in lung (carbon dioxide) and then…

17. Identify where chemical energy is located (atomic molecular scale): Which molecules have chemical energy? Food molecules: Cow muscle polymer molecules: Cow waste molecules (feces): Digested monomers in cow body: Example: FAT Example: AMINO ACID Example: PROTEIN Example: CARBOHYDRATES

18. Identify where chemical energy is located (macroscopic scale):

19. The End

20. Optional: Digestion Slides

21. Matter movement for digestion at macroscopic scale

22. Matter movement for biosynthesis at macroscopic scale

23. Optional Process Tool Slides: digestion

24. scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Analyze digestion at macroscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Tracing Carbohydrates Protein Fat Blank

25. Matter movement for digestion at macroscopic scale Energy Material identity Matter Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat All

26. grass Small Organic molecules feces Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Matter transformation for digestion at macroscopic scale

27. Energy transformation for digestion at macroscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

28. Digestion at macroscopic scale grass Small Organic molecules Chemical energy feces Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

29. What happens for digestion at microscopic scale ?

30. Matter movement for digestion at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

31. Analyze digestion at microscopic scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

32. Matter transformation for digestion at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

33. Chemical energy Energy transformation for digestion at microscopic scale Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

34. Chemical energy Digestion at microscopic scale Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

35. What happens during digestion at an atomic-molecular scale ?

36. Analyze digestion by filters at atomic-molecular scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

37. Matter transformation for digestion at an atomic-molecular scale Protein Starch & cellulose amino acids Sugar Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

38. Analyze digestion by filters at an atomic-molecular scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Click to see animation

39. Heat Energy transformation for digestion at an atomic-molecular scale Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

40. Heat Digestion at an atomic-molecular scale Protein Starch & cellulose amino acids Sugar Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

41. Biosynthesis part

42. Optional Process Tool Slides: biosynthesis

43. What happens during biosynthesis at an atomic-molecular scale in a cow ?

44. Matter movement for biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

45. Analyze biosynthesis by filters at macroscopic scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Blank

46. Matter transformation for biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Small organic molecules Large organic molecules Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Water Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

47. Energy transformation for biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

48. Biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Small organic molecules Large organic molecules Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Water Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

49. What happens during biosynthesis on a microscopic scale ? Mitochondria

50. How matter moves at a microscopic scale during biosynthesis Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

51. Analyze biosynthesis at microscopic scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat

52. Matter transformation of biosynthesis at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

53. Energy transformation of biosynthesis at microscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

54. Biosynthesis at microscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale

55. What happens during biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale ?

56. Analyze biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

57. Matter movement during protein synthesis at an atomic-molecular scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat Click to see animation

58. Fat Matter transformation during biosynthesis at an atomic-molecular scale Proteinamino acids Sugar Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

59. Heat Energy transformation for biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

60. Fat Heat Biosynthesis at an atomic-molecular scale Protein amino acids Sugar Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Object Carbohydrates Protein Fat scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales