1. Roots of Progressivism, 1880-1920 Urban Decay Human Suffering/Poverty Unsafe working conditions/unsafe food processing Labor exploitation/organization/conflicts: Sees the problem as a matter of inequality and exploitation; solution (social justice) Women--Political Experience and Organization of women’s groups: Problem is lack of education, lack of humanitarianism; solution(social justice and social control) Christian Moral Reformers: see problem as a widespread business culture; solution (social control) Charity Workers: See problem as a massive infusion of immigrants; solution (social control) African American Leaders in face of increased racial violence/Jim Crow legislation in the South: See the problem as lack of equality; solution (social justice) Presidents weigh in: problem is concentration of market/monopolies (social control)

2. Urban Decay

3. Human Suffering and Urban Decay

4. Meat Packing Industry – Safe?

6. Mary Harris Jones, “Mother Jones” --dressmaker and teacher; husband and 4 children die (yellow fever). In 1871 shop burns down and she goes into the business of labor organization --organizer for the Knights of Labor and the United Mine Workers --helps create Industrial Workers of the World. --sees greedy capitalists as the problem and looks to unionism, strikes, and socialism as solutions --goes undercover (in Philadelphia mine and silk mills) to expose worker abuses (especially child labor exploitation). Organizes “Children’s March” in 1903 to T. Roosevelt’s home --Organized, jailed, labeled “the most dangerous woman in America,” and revered by “her boys” in places like, Penn., W. VA, Colorado. However, she focused her efforts on women to encourage striking in support of their husbands

7. Jane Addams, Hull House Founder, Chicago

8. Founder White Rose Settlement House, Brooklyn, NY Janie Porter Barrett, Founder of Locust Street Settlement House, Hampton, VA

9. Health Educator, Adella Hunt Logan Dr. Verina Morton-Jones, founder of Lincoln Settlement House

10. Visiting Nurses

11. Anzia Yezierska Forum publishes “A Free Vacation House” in 1915 Outlines American xenophobic views toward immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe and the methods that various women’s organizations used to “Americanize” immigrants

12. African American Leaders Assimilation: W.E.B. Du Bois Wants full integration; immediate integration into citizenship Separation: Booker T. Washington, in personal manners we shall be as “separate as fingers on a hand.” Integrated in economic matters only. W.A. Freeman, The Devil between the Negro and the White Man [1907]. He’s anti-immigrant, emphasizes a more natural alliance between American Blacks and Whites; seeks to keep Black people in South(with Afro-American Colonization Project) to discourage immigration to the region

13. “Americanization” of Tom Torino

14. Key to the study of Indigenous Peoples is to remember VARIATION Sitting Bull, Lakota Kicks Iron, Dakota, “Sioux” Tswawadi, Kwakiutl Mishongnovi, Hopi Tom Torino, before Carlisle School, Navajo Tom after Carlisle All of these different people were subject to the pan- ethnic formation process