2. Questions to Consider…  Why did you take this course? What do you hope to learn?  What is your earliest memory?

4. The History of Psychology  Psychology – the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.  The key word is science…

5. The History of Psychology  Psychology is as old as humanity.  Buddha  Confucius  Greek Philosophers  Hebrew Scholars  2000 year gap…  Rene Descartes  Francis Bacon & John Locke

6. The History of Psychology  2000 year gap…  Rene Descartes  Francis Bacon & John Locke

7. The Five Historical Waves of Psychology  Wave I – Introspection  Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)  The beginning of scientific psychology  Leipzig, Germany  Ball experiment –  to be aware of one’s awareness takes more time.  First recorded psychological experiment.  Structuralism – Theory that states that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations.

8. The Five Historical Waves of Psychology  William James (1842-1910) – The Principles of Psychology –  Functionalism – Explained how brain structures function in our lives.  Evolutionary approach  Importance:  Empirical research!

9. The Five Historical Waves of Psychology  Wave II – Gestalt Psychology  Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)  Gestalt Psychology –  Gestalt – “the whole”  Examine a person’s total experience – the way we experience the world is more than an accumulation of various perceptual experiences.  Example – Flashing Lights

10. The Five Historical Waves of Psychology  Wave III – Psychoanalysis  Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)  The Unconscious mind  Repression  Dream Analysis  Word association

11. The Five Historical Waves of Psychology  Wave IV – Behaviorism  John Watson (1878-1958)  BF Skinner (1904-1990)  Conditioning experiments 0f Ivan Pavlov (1849- 1936)  Science is about observation exclusively!  Stimuli (causes of behavior) & responses – (physical reactions) more important than consciousness.

12. The Five Historical Waves of Psychology  Wave V  Multiple Perspectives  Eclectic – drawing from multiple perspectives.

13. Seven Broad Categories of Psychology Today… 1. Humanist Perspective 2. Psychoanalytic perspective 3. Biopsychology (Neuroscience) perspective 4. Evolutionary (Darwinian Perspective) 5. Behavioral Perspective 6. Cognitive Perspective 7. Social-Cultural (Sociocultural) Perspective

14. Chapter 1 – Psychology as a Science…  If you want to teach a habit that persists, reward the desired behavior every time, not just intermittently.  Traumatic experiences, such as sexual abuse or surviving the Holocaust are typically “repressed” from memory.  Most abused children do not become abusive adults.  Most infants recognize their own reflection in a mirror by age 1.  Adopted siblings tend not to develop similar personalities, even though reared by the same parents.  Emotional reactions tend to coincide with the menstrual cycle.