1. The Head and Neck

2. Bones of the face –See ADAM Cranial nerves – review Trigeminal and facial nerves Muscles of the face Muscles of the neck –Anterior and posterior triangles –Cervical plexus

3. Bones of the skull and face Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Maxilla Mandible

4. Frontal bone Zygomatic process

5. Parietal bone Sutures –Bregma –Lambda

6. Occipital bone Ext. Occipital protuberance Nuchal lines Foramen magnum Occipital condyles

7. Temporal bone Zygomatic process of temporal bone –Zygomatic arch Styloid process Mastoid process Styloid-mastoid foramen – CN VII

8. External auditory meatus Mandibular fossa Jugular foramen

9. Articulates with 8 bones –Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, vomer, zygomatic, palatine and ethmoid Foramen ovale –CN-V 3 Foramen lacerum –ICA Sphenoid bone

10. Foramen rotundum –CN-V 2 Superior orbital fissure –CN-V 1 –CN III, IV, VI

11. Zygomatic bone Prominence of cheeks Temporal process of zygomatic bone –Zygomatic arch

12. Maxilla

13. Mandible Body Rami –Condylar process –Coronoid process –Mandibular notch Angle of the mandible Mental foramen – inf. to 2 nd premolar Mandibular foramen – inferior alveolar n.

15. Cranial nerves Know number, name, whether they are sensory/motor/both, and basic function for all CN I CN II

16. CN III CN IV CN V – we will go into more detail

17. CN VI CN VII – also in detail CN VIII

18. CN IX CN X

19. CN XI CN XII

20. Trigeminal Nerve Three divisions –CN-V 1 – Opthalmic Nerve –CN-V 2 – Maxillary Nerve –CN-V 3 – Mandibular Nerve How do they leave the skull? –CN-V 1 – –CN-V 2 – –CN-V 3 – Superior Orbital Fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale

21. The Trigeminal nerve is both sensory and motor Sensory –All three divisions Motor –Muscles of mastication –Just mandibular nerve

22. Major sensory nerves to the face from the different divisions of CN-V Opthalmic nerve –Supraorbital nerve –External nasal nerve –Infratrochlear nerve –Supratrochlear nerve –Lacrimal nerve

23. Maxillary nerve –Zygomaticotemporal nerve –Zygomaticofacial nerve –Infraorbital nerve

24. Mandibular nerve –Auriculotemporal nerve –Buccal nerve –Mental nerve Continuation of inferior alveolar nerve –Lingual nerve Anterior 2/3 rd of tongue, floor of the mouth, and gums of the lower teeth

25. Inferior alveolar nerve –Branch of mandibular nerve –Enters the mandible through the mandibular foramen –Supplies teeth in lower jaw –Exits mandible through mental foramen to form the mental nerve

26. Other sensory of CN-V Cornea of the eye Teeth Dura mater of the brain

27. Primary nerve that supplies the muscles of the face –Muscles of facial expression Sensory to taste buds of the anterior 2/3 rd of tongue The facial nerve exits the skull through the: –The nerve enters the parotid gland and branches into 5 divisions Facial Nerve Stylomastoid foramen

28. Divisions of facial nerve Temporal branch of facial nerve Zygomatic branch of facial nerve Buccal branch of facial nerve Mandibular branch of facial nerve Cervical branch of facial nerve To Zanzibar By Motor Car

29. Muscles of facial expression 1.Origin is from either bone or fascia 2.Insertion is onto skin 3.Muscle actions 1.Primary function – sphincter or dilators 2.Secondary function – modify facial expression 4.Innervated by branches of the facial nerve

30. Zygomaticus minor muscle (156) Nerve: B Muscle action: 1

31. Zygomaticus major muscle (157) N: B A: 1,2

32. Levator anguli oris muscle (158) N: B A: 1

33. Buccinator muscle (163) N: Deep buccal branches of facial nerve A: 1

34. Risorius muscle (159) N: B A: 1

35. Orbicularis oris muscle (164) N: B and M A: 1, 2

36. Depressor anguli oris muscle (160) N: M A: 1, 2

37. Depressor labia inferioris muscle (161) N: M A: 1, 2

38. Mentalis muscle (162) N: M A: 1, 2

39. Platysma muscle (165) N: C A: 1, 2

40. Muscles of mastication Innervated by mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve) –Temporalis muscle –Masseter muscle –Pterygoid muscles (medial and lateral) –Digastricus muscle (anterior belly)

41. Temporalis muscle (129) A:

42. Masseter muscle (130) A:

43. Medial pterygoid muscle (132) A:

44. Lateral pterygoid muscle (131) A:

45. Digastricus muscle (134) Anterior belly –N: CN V –A: Posterior belly –N: CN VI –A:

46. Muscles attached to the hyoid bone Suprahyoid muscles –4 muscles –Location –Digastricus is one –Open jaw Infrahyoid muscles –Location: –Provide stabilization for hyoid bone and suprahyoid muscles

47. Lateral Neck Muscles Sternocleidomastoid muscle Scalenus anterior muscle Scalenus medius muscle Scalenus posterior muscle

48. Sternocleidomastoid muscle (90) O: –Sternal head - bold –Clavicular head - all I: all N: –APR of C2 and C3 – Pain, proprioception –CN-XI

49. Sternocleidomastoid muscle actions Chest stable –Unilateral – –Bilateral – Isometric contraction – helps stabilize head on neck Head stable -

50. Scalenus anterior muscle (92) O: All I: All N:

51. Anterior scalene actions Chest stable –Bilateral - –Unilateral – Isometric actions – stabilizes head Stable head -

52. Scalenus medius muscle (93) Longest and largest scalene muscle O: I: N: A:

53. Scalenus posterior muscle (94) O: I: N: A: Brachial plexus travels between the scalenus medius and scalenus anterior

55. Post skull

56. Lat skull

57. Anterior skull

58. Triangle neck - ant

59. Mandibular Nerve – CN-V

60. Lat skull