1. ARTERIAL SYSTEM Major Arteries exiting the heart: ● PULMONARY ARTERIES (from heart to lungs) ● AORTA

2. AORTA: ● the aorta is the largest artery (diameter) ● the aorta can be divided into the: *ASCENDING AORTA (as it emerges from the heart) *AORTIC ARCH *DESCENDING AORTA

3. Principal branches of the ASCENDING AORTA & AORTIC ARCH: ● the major branches are the: *CORONARY ARTERIES (branch off from the base of the ascending aorta) *BRACHIOCEPHALIC (branch of the aortic arch) *LEFT COMMON CAROTID (branch of the aortic arch) *LEFT SUBCLAVIAN (branch of the aortic arch)

4. Arteries to the Neck, Head, and Brain ● the brachiocephalic artery branches into the: R COMMON CAROTID and R SUBCLAVIAN

6. Arteries to the Shoulder and Arm ● the subclavian artery becomes the: *AXILLARY ARTERY (wall of chest) – which becomes the: *BRACHIAL ARTERY (upper arm) – which branches into the: *ULNAR ARTERY (parallels the ulna) & the *RADIAL ARTERY (parallels the radius)

8. **as the radial artery nears the wrist, it approaches the surface and provides a convenient vessel for taking the “pulse” (RADIAL PULSE)  # beats per minute

9. Principal branches of the DESCENDING AORTA: ● the descending aorta gives rise to the: *THORACIC AORTA and *ABDOMINAL AORTA ● the abdominal aorta gives rise to the: *R and L RENAL arteries (go to the kidneys) *MESENTERIC arteries (go to intestines) *R and L COMMON ILIAC arteries

11. Arteries to the Pelvis and Legs **RECALL: the abdominal aorta branches into the R and L common iliac arteries ● each common iliac artery divides into:  Internal iliac artery  External iliac artery (main blood supply to lower limbs)

12. Int. iliac

13. Arteries to the Pelvis and Legs ● the external iliac artery becomes the: *FEMORAL ARTERY – which becomes the: *POPLITEAL ARTERY (knee joint) ● the popliteal artery divides into the: *ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES

15. VENOUS SYSTEM Characteristics of Venous Pathways:  veins return blood to the heart  many veins are hard to follow/identify because they connect in irregular pathways  the larger veins typically parallel the arteries (and have the same names as their arterial counterparts) (ex: renal vein parallels the renal artery; common iliac vein parallels the common iliac artery, etc.)

17. Major Veins entering the heart: ● PULMONARY VEINS (from lungs to heart) ● SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and INFERIOR VENA CAVA (both drain into the R atrium)

18. I MOVED THIS SLIDE: Veins from the Arm and Shoulder: *veins here generally parallel the arteries in each region: RADIAL VEIN & ULNAR VEIN  BRACHIAL VEIN  AXILLARY VEIN  SUBCLAVIAN VEIN  BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN

20. Veins from the Brain, Head, and Neck: ● JUGULAR VEINS:  EXTERNAL JUGULAR (R and L): drain blood from the face, scalp, and superficial neck -drain into the R and L SUBCLAVIAN VEINS  INTERNAL JUGULAR (R and L): larger than external; drain blood from the brain, deep face/neck -drain into the R and L BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS **all of these vessels then merge and give rise to the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA  R atrium!

22. COOL!!!!!

23. Veins from the Abdominal Cavity: ● RENAL VEINS: drain the kidneys ● HEPATIC VEINS: drain the liver ● carry blood to the INFERIOR VENA CAVA

24. Veins from the Legs and Pelvis: *veins here generally parallel the arteries in each region: ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR TIBIAL VEINS  POPLITEAL VEIN  FEMORAL VEIN  EXTERNAL ILIAC (MERGE w/ INTERNAL  COMMON ILIAC VEIN  INFERIOR VENA CAVA  HEART

26. Also from the legs… **GREAT (GREATER) SAPHENOUS VEIN: longest vein in the body; runs upward along the medial side of the leg and thigh; penetrates deep into the thigh and joins with the femoral vein

27. Great Saphenous Vein