2. Please take out a pen/pencil and a scratch piece of paper!!!

3. 1. On a standard traffic light, is the green on the top or bottom? 2. In which hand is the Statue of Liberty’s torch? 3. What two numbers on the telephone dial don’t have letters by them? 4. When you walk does your left arm swing with your right or left leg? 5. On the United States flag is the top stripe red or white? 6. What is the lowest number on the FM dial? 7. Which way does water go down the drain, counter or clockwise? 8. Which side of a women’s blouse are the buttons on? 9. Do books have even-numbered pages on the right or left side? 10. Sleepy, Happy, Sneezy, Grumpy, Dopey, Doc. Who is missing? 11. How many curves are there in the standard paper clip? 12. Does a merry-go-round turn counter or clockwise? 13. Which way does a “no smoking” signs slash run? 14. How many sides does a stop sign have? 15. How many sides are there on a standard pencil? How observant are you?

4. Answers! 1. Bottom 2. Right 3. 1 and 0 4. Right 5. Red 6. 88 7. Clockwise (north of the equator) 8. Left 9. Left 10. Bashful 11. 3 12. Counter 13. Towards bottom right 14. 8 15. 6

6. The start of the Cold War: 1. The War time allies soon become enemies. It gradually became evident that the mutual distrust that had existed before 1939 was returning now that the common enemy was defeated. Great Britain, the USA and the USSR had worked together to fight and defeat the axis powers in World War II.

7. Post-war tensions, 1945 - 1946: Atomic bomb Gradual Soviet take-over of Eastern Europe ‘Iron Curtain’ speech, March 1946, by Churchill Germany: Disputes over  reparations  reconstruction  democracy Factors that led to the Cold War

8. With the creating of the atomic bomb, a wide spread of nuclear technology began to be produced in order to be ready for any possible threat.

9. Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe:  Between 1945 and 1948 the Soviet Union imposed communist government on several East European countries (  satellite states).  During 1947 - 1948 the frontier between Soviet-dominated Europe and the West was closed on Stalin‘s orders, ending all tourist and trade contacts between them. Reasons: The war as a triumph for Soviet communism The level of the Soviet wartime sacrifice should never again be reached. Stalin wanted a barrier (buffer) to stop the Soviet Union from being invaded again.

10. Background: Conflicting systems Mutual distrust, since 1918 Conflicting aims in Central and Eastern Europe, 1945 What reasons caused this distrust of the USSR?

11. The American response: Between 1945 and 1949 the Americans developed a policy called ‘containment’. The theory of containment was that the USA should use all means to prevent Soviet power from spreading any further. Containment remained the U.S. policy until the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s. Soviet policy is a continuation of traditional Russian policy of hostility towards the outside world. The Soviet leaders cannot be trusted. The Soviet Union will use every method to destroy democracy in the Western world. RED SCARE!!!

13. Important Incidents of the Cold War Space Races, 1945-69 The U2 incident, 1960 The Cuban missile crisis, 1962 Bay of Pigs, 1961

14. The U2 incident….not to be confused with...

15. In 1962 espionage became big news as the 'U2 Incident' grabbed world headlines. Pilot Gary Powers was shot down as he flew the sinister U2 (above), designed for covert surveillance, over Soviet territory, sparking one of the biggest international crises of the Cold War. The US demanded his safe return. The USSR wanted to know what he was doing up there in the first place. The public realized that they were vulnerable to aerial observation - and attack? The U2 Incident

16. Space Races, 1945-69 The Cold war inspired a race between the two countries to be the first into space and onto the moon. The Russians scared the United States with the launching of the first satellite ‘Sputnik’ into space. This then motivated the United States to be the first to land on the moon.

17. Other benefits of the Cold War...

18. The Cuban Missile Crisis

19. Bay of Pigs, 1961 On April 17, 1961, some twelve hundred exiles landed at Cuba’s Bay of Pigs. President Kennedy trained and armed these exiles to fight against the Cuban government. Yet, these fighters were no match for Castro’s air force. Most of the invaders rotted for two years in Cuban jails but were eventually “ransomed” for some $62 million dollars.