1.   You will need to take notes today. 1 Please Sit with a partner.

2.   Entrance Ticket (on the form provided):  What was the greatest challenge faced by the U.S. after its declaration of war against Japan? 2 Please Sit with a partner. Name: _________ Entrance Ticket Exit Ticket

3.   Please work in a group of three or four to complete the following activity:  Please Brainstorm and List the Economic, Social, and Political factors that the U.S. needed to overcome to fight WWII (an overseas war).  Be prepared to share and discuss your list. 3 Introductory Activity

4. America At War (1941-1945) 4

5.   USH.5.7 Summarize the efforts the national government made to regulate production, labor, and prices during the war and evaluate the success or failure of these efforts.  USH.5.8 Identify and describe the impact of World War II on American culture. Standards 5

6.  Building A War Machine Learning Targets: 1.I can describe the efforts the national government made to regulate production, labor, and prices during the war and evaluate the success or failure of these efforts. 2.I can describe how Americans built a war machine capable of fighting a war on two fronts. 3.I can identify and describe the impact of World War II on American culture. 6

7.   Executive Order No. 9066  Manzanar Interment Camp  Korematsu v. U.S.  Liberty Ships  War Production Board (WPB)  Rationing  Office of Price Administration (OPA)  National War Labor Relations Board (NWLB)  Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act  WAACs  WAVEs  SPARs  GI  Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)  Tuskegee Airmen  442 nd Regimental Combat Team Key Vocabulary 7

8. 8 “Never before have we had so little time in which to do so much.” Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1942

9.   In 1941 the US was the mightiest military power on earth – potentially. However, America came close to losing WWII to well armed aggressors before it could begin to throw its full weight onto the scales. Why? 1.America needed to re-tool itself for all out war production. 2.America needed to feed, clothe, and arm itself, as well as transport its forces to regions across the globe. 3.It also needed to supply its allies with food and weapons. 9 Trading Space for Time (the AXIS Powers continue to expand…)

10.   Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor Unifies the nation.  WWII Speeds assimilation of Americas diverse ethnic groups (with the exception of Executive Order No. 9066 ).  Very little “pro-war” propaganda was produced.  Most American were surprisingly UNINFORMED about the war. They just wanted to “get the dirty job done.”  FDR states that “Dr. New Deal” was going into retirement to be replaced by “Dr. Win-The-War”. 10 The Shock of War (brings cohesion)

11.   In the “wake” of Pearl Harbor:  Over 110,000 Japanese Americans (2/3 were born in the US) are considered potential saboteurs.  Under Executive Order No. 9066 they are interred in concentration camps.  Japanese Americans lost hundreds on millions of $$$ in property and lost earnings.  USSC finds Japanese internment constitutional in Korematsu v. U.S. (U.S. Gov. issues formal apology in 1984).  Note: Issei=1 st (denied citizenship); Nisei =2 nd (full citizens) 11 Executive Order No. 9066

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13.  13 Executive Order No. 9066 (Approving Concentration Camps for American Citizens)  Manzanar Interment Camp (“Relocation Center”)

14.   Massive Military Orders ($100 Billion in 1942 alone) soak up idle industrial capacity left over from the Great Depression.  The War Production Board (WPB) orchestrates industry to produce munitions  40 Billion bullets  300,000 aircraft  76,000 Ships ( Liberty Ships )  86,000 Tanks  2.6 Million Machine Guns  By the end of the war a fully equipped ship (complete with life vests and coat hangers) could be assembled in 14 days. 14 Building a War Machine (1)

15.  15 Liberty Ships (Assembled in 14 days by end of war)

16.   WPB managed all aspects of the economy:  Halted production on nonessential items (passenger cars)  Assigned transportation priority and access to raw materials (Steele, rubber, silk, cloth, etc.)  Rationed gasoline, set speed limits  Organized farmers and the farm industry to produce more food with better machines.  However, “FULL” production leads to inflation… 16 Building a War Machine (2)

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18.   In response to runaway inflation:  The Office of Price Administration (OPA) controlled inflation with extensive economic regulations including:  Rationing  The National War Labor Relations Board (NWLB) imposed ceilings on wages.  Wage interference was opposed by labor unions and the war effort was plagued by strikes (by the United Mine Workers for example)  Strikes become a major problem that Congress addresses with the Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act of 1943.  Made strikes against Government operated industries a criminal offence 18 Building a War Machine (3)

19.   WWII Enlistment (Based in part on DRAFT):  15 Million men  216,000 women (non-combatant duties)  WAACs (army)  WAVES (Navy)  SPARS (Coast Guard)  Certain key Industrial and Agricultural workers were Draft Exempt.  Note: Many women took factory jobs that they would lose when the GI s returned home (thanks to the unions…) In 1943, a majority of U.S. women were still homemakers. 19 Man Power and Woman Power (1)

20.   Segregated Minority enlistment in WWII  25,000 Native Americans (including Navajo code talkers)  African American Volunteers (Tuskegee Airmen)  Japanese American Volunteers (442 nd Regimental Combat Team) 20 Man Power and Woman Power (2)

21.   War industries “sucked” people into economic/industrial boomtowns like L.A., Detroit, Seattle, Baton Rouge, and New York.  FDR used WWII as an opportunity to spur southern economic development.  Southern states received a disproportionate share of defense contracts and $6 Billion in fed. Financed industrial facilities. 21 Wartime Industrial Growth

22.   During WWII African Americans continue to move North & West seeking employment and opportunities – but racism and discrimination continues  FDR issues Exec. Order establishing Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)  Forbade discrimination in defense industries  Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded in 1942  Non-violent direct action against discrimination  National Urban League  Double “V” (victory against discrimination and foreign oppression) 22 Wartime Migrations

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24.   Write IDs for the following:  Executive Order No. 9066  Manzanar Interment Camp  Korematsu v. U.S.  Liberty Ships  War Production Board (WPB)  Rationing  Office of Price Administration (OPA)  National War Labor Relations Board (NWLB)  Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act  WAACs, WAVEs, SPARs  GI  Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)  Tuskegee Airmen  442nd Regimental Combat Team  Answer the following Questions: 1.*Why is the fight for freedom necessary?* 2.Describe the efforts the national government made to regulate production, labor, and prices during the war and evaluate the success or failure of these efforts. 3.Describe how Americans built a war machine capable of fighting a war on two fronts. 4.Identify and describe the impact of World War II on American culture. Test Your Understanding 24

25.   On the form provided, please describe the challenges faced and overcome by the U.S. in mobilizing its economy and population for WWII.  Please consider the following when composing your response:  Executive Order No. 9066  Manzanar Interment Camp  Korematsu v. U.S.  Liberty Ships  War Production Board (WPB)  Rationing  Office of Price Administration (OPA)  National War Labor Relations Board (NWLB)  Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act  WAACs, WAVEs, SPARs  GI  Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)  Tuskegee Airmen  442nd Regimental Combat Team 25 Exit Ticket

26.   Four Primary Source Documents: Japanese Internment 1.Please read and annotate the assigned document with your partner. 2.Discuss 3.Please refer to the documents and answer the following question on the back of your Entrance/Exit Ticket.  Was internment of Japanese Americans justified? If so, why did we not inter German, Italian, or Austrian Americans? 26 Primary Source Analysis