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Lecture 6 Planetary Boundaries The Age of Sustainable Development
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6.1. Thomas Robert Malthus Portrait of Thomas Robert Malthus by John Linnell.
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6.2. Ocean pH Changes “Estimated change in annual mean sea surface pH between the pre-industrial period (1700s) and the present day (1990s).” Plumbago. Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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6.3. NASA Satellite Image of Ozone Layer (1985) NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio.
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6.4. Young Boy Swimming in Algal Bloom in Shandong, China Photo: Reuters/China Daily.
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6.5. The Living Planet Index of Biodiversity (1970– 2000) Source: World Wildlife Fund. 2012. “Living Planet Report 2012.” Gland, Switzerland: WWF International.
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6.6. Surface Temperatures in 2013 compared with 1951–80 Source: Calculated at http://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgi- bin/gistemp/nmaps.cgi?sat=4&sst=3&type=anoms&mean_ gen=0112&year1=2013&year2=2013&base1=1951&base2=1980&radius=1200&pol=rob.
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6.7. Changes in Global Extreme Temperatures (1955-2011) From Hansen, James, Makiko Sato, and Reto Ruedy. 2012. “Perception of Climate Change.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(37): E2415–E2423.
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6.8. Convergence of High Income and Developing Country Growth (2010–2050)
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6.9. Global Population on a Semi-Log Scale (1950–2100) Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (DESA Population Division). 2013. “World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.” New York.
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6.10. Energy Consumption and Gross Domestic Product per capita Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, the World Bank.
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6.11. Four Fertility Scenarios, World Population Projections (1950–2100) Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (DESA Population Division). 2013. “World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.” New York.
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6.12. Average Annual Rate of Population Change by Region (medium fertility scenario) (1950-2100) Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (DESA Population Division). 2013. “World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.” New York.
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6.13. Total Fertility Trajectories by Region (medium fertility scenario) (1950–2100) Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (DESA Population Division). 2013. “World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.” New York.
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