1. Study Guide Quarter 2 Final – Part I

2. 1. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? Sufficient coal and iron ore reserves A good transportation system existed Large populations were available

3. 2. What were the factors of production required to drive the Industrial Revolution in Britain? Land, labor, capital Raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods. Roads, railroad and water transport.

4. 3. The agricultural changes that took place in England during the 1600s contributed to industrial development by… Producing more food with fewer workers.

5. Definition Who invented the Cotton Gin? Eli Whitney

6. Definitions - Industrial Inventors Watt-steam engine Pasteur – pasteurization (killing harmful microbes in milk by heating) James Hargreaves – spinning jenny Jethro Tull – seed drill

7. Definition - What was the first area of industry to experience industrialization? Textile production

8. 5. What were some of the negative impacts of factories during the Industrial Revolution? Levels of air and water pollution often increase Dirty and unsanitary conditions. Severe discipline.

9. Definition - What caused Europeans to search for new markets for their goods, migrate to cities in search of jobs, and the middle class gaining political power? Industrial Revolution

10. Definitions - What economic system is based on private investment for individual gain? Capitalism

11. 4. What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believe would happen when Communism was the world’s dominant political and economic system? A classless society would exist.

12. Definitions - “The proletarians (working classes) have nothing to lose but their chains…Workers of the world unite!” This quote would be used to encourage what economic and political system? Communism

13. 6. During the 1800s how were men and women treated differently in American factories? Women were paid lower wages. Men got better jobs (supervisors)

14. What historical era does this quote refer to? “The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers emerged from low underground doorways into factory yards, and sat on steps and posts, and paling, wiping their swarthy visages, and contemplating coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam-engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it.” –Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854 Industrial Revolution (page 309)

15. Definition - What is the term for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reform? Unions

16. 7. What was one positive effect of the Industrial Revolution? Rise in the standard of living.

17. 22. What 18 th century European artistic movement arose as a reaction against Classicism’s emphasis on reason? Romanticism

18. 8. “The sun never sets on the British Empire.” What do you think this saying meant? The British Empire had colonies in every part of the world.

19. Definition - European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economy. What is this an example of? Imperialism

20. 9. At the end of the 1800’s, colonies were generally seen as a ….. Sign of a country’s relative power.

21. 10. What were European motives for establishing colonies in Africa, Asia, and India? Missionary impulse Social Darwinism Economic competition

22. 10. What was the result of European colonization in Africa? For Africans, loss of land, loss of trade, some gains in health and literacy

23. 10. Increased contact between Europe and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America, during the 18 th and 19 th centuries, resulted in….. The exploitation of the labor and resources of these continents

24. Definition - Why is Louis Pasteur’s research in germ theory significant during the 19 th century? Proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.

25. 12. Why did the British trade opium to the Chinese? The British found it was a product the Chinese would buy in large quantities.

26. Definition - What is the Boxer Rebellion? Anti-foreign sentiment in China that led to an uprising in 1900.

27. 13. Economically, what led to Japan becoming a colonial power after 1894? Industrialization allowed Japan to expend resources on military and colonial expansion.

28. 14. What factors led up to World War One? Hint: Long term causes NationalismImperialismMilitarismAlliances

29. 17. What caused the Triple Entente to be formed in 1907? V. Increased military power of Germany.

30. 15.The Balkans were referred to as the “Powder Keg” just before WWI because of their…… Nationalistic rivalries

31. 16. What nation was the first to declare war against another country to start WWI? Austria-Hungary

32. Definition - Why was the Schlieffen Plan put into action? Avoid the problem of fighting Allied powers on two fronts.

33. 18. Why was the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne important? Resulted in Germany having to fight on two fronts.

34. Definition - Why did most of the combat during WWI on the Western Front happen in a small area? The armies became immobile because of Trench Warfare.

35. 21. What action during WWI greatly affected the outcome of the war? American military and financial intervention in the war.

36. Definition - What was the Zimmerman Telegram? A telegram sent from Germany to Mexico discussing Germany helping Mexico re- conquer land lost to the United States.

37. Definition - WWI was a total war because…… Nations from all over the world were involved. New technologies (tanks and machine guns) played a large part in the war Rationing and propaganda were used to involve all citizens in the war effort.

38. Definition - President Wilson’s Fourteen Points were said to provide a framework for what? A lasting and just peace.

39. 20. At the Treaty of Versailles, what did all four leaders want? Wilson- lasting peace Clemenceau- punishment of Germany George- worked for compromise/naval protection Orlando- sought territory

40. 20. What was the major goal of France and Britain at the Conference of Versailles? Keep Germany from rebuilding its military forces.

41. 20. What provision was included in the Treaty of Versailles that showed intent to punish Germany? Germany will accept full responsibility for causing the war.

42. Definition - How did the international community respond to Turkey’s actions against the Armenians? It condemned Turkey but did not fight to save the Armenians

43. 19. Why did the U.S. reject the League of Nations? They feared it could lead to future U.S. involvement in European wars.