1. Central European Monarchs Clash and Absolute Rulers of Russia
Ms. Thompson

2. Review the English Monarchy

3. Spanish Monarchy

4. France in Chaos
After Henry II  incompetent leadership & religious wars
Huguenots and Catholics fight how many wars?
Henry III dies childless in 1589
So now who rules France???

5. Henry of Navarre becomes King Henry IV of France 
Henry of Navarre will become Henry IV King of France
Descended from Louis IX
Start of the Bourbon dynasty
Was Protestant
When it is announced that he will become the King of France Henry of Navarre decides to marry Margaret of Valois and invites his Protestant friends and family to Paris to his wedding

6. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Events:
At least 1,000 Huguenots (French Protestants) are massacred by a Catholic mob
Protestant movement is hurt greatly by this event
When Henry IV becomes king he converts to Catholicism

7. King Henry IV’s most lasting accomplishment:

8. After the death of Henry IV:
Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu
What were his goals?
How did he accomplish them?

9. Skepticism The idea that nothing can ever be known for certain
To doubt old ideas is the first step to truth
Montaigne
Descartes

10. Louis XIV Known as “the boy king” and the “sun king” Cardinal Mazarin
Ruling when you’re 6 years old
Cardinal Mazarin
Raised taxes
The nobles threatened the king
Would make an impression on Louis XIV about the need to weaken the power of the nobles

11. Mazarin dies in 1661 when Louis XIV is 23 years old
Louis XIV cuts the power of the nobles and the clergy:
Won’t allow them in his councils
Increased the power of intendants
Jean Baptise Colbert
Minister of finance
Tries to make France self-sufficient
Recognizes the importance of colonies and mercantilism

13. Role of the King as a Public Figure
Louis XIV is brilliant at knowing how perception shaped the power of a monarch
Puts into place the rules of etiquette

14. People who wanted to speak to the king could not knock on his door
People who wanted to speak to the king could not knock on his door. Instead, using the left pinkie finger, they had to gently scratch on the door, until they were granted permission to enter. As a result, many courtiers grew that fingernail longer than the others;
A lady never held hands or linked arms with a gentleman. Besides being in bad taste, this practice would have been impossible because a woman’s hooped skirts were so wide. Instead, she was to place her hand on top of the gentleman’s bent arm as they strolled through the gardens and chambers of Versailles;

15. When a gentleman sat down, he slid his left foot in front of the other, placed his hands on the sides of the chair and gently lowered himself into the chair. There was a very practical reason for this procedure. If a gentleman sat too fast, his tight pants might split;
Women and men were not allowed to cross their legs in public;

16. When a gentleman passed an acquaintance on the street, he was to raise his hat high off his head until the other person passed;
A gentleman was to do no work except writing letters, giving speeches, practicing fencing, or dancing. For pleasure he engaged in hawking, archery, indoor tennis, or hunting. A gentleman would also take part in battle and would sometimes serve as a public officer, paying the soldiers;
Ladies’ clothing did not allow them to do much besides sit and walk. However, they passed the time sewing, knitting, writing letters, painting, making their own lace, and creating their own cosmetics and perfumes.

17. The Palace of Versailles
Symbol of royal power and wealth
Decreases the power of the nobles in 2 ways 1. 2.

26. Louis XIV Patron of the Arts

27. Louis XIV and Wars 
One of the best ways to demonstrate power is to conquer others
Tries to conquer the Spanish Netherlands gets 12 towns…
Then tries to conquer the Dutch Netherlands…oops. The Dutch open the dikes and flood the countryside
France gains some but not enough to really justify the expense

28. French Monarchy Henry III of France Charles IX of France
Francis II of France

29. Spanish Monarchy Continued
Mary I
Anna of Austria
Philip II of Spain
Margaret of Austria
Philip III of Spain
Marianaof Austria
Philip IV of Spain
Charles II of Spain

30. 1670 the childless king of Spain leaves Spain to Louis XIV’s grandson Philip of Anjou
That would have united France and Spain under Bourbon rule
Who was unhappy with that?

31. The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714)
Costly war between
France & Spain vs.
Everyone else in Europe (Dutch Republic, England, Austria, Prussia)
Lasts for 13 years 
Ends with the Treaty of Utrecht
Louis XIV’s grandson can remain King of Spain but the empire must remain separate from France
Austrian Hapsburgs take the Spanish lands in Italy and the Spanish Netherlands

32. How did England benefit from the War of Spanish Succession?
Under the Treaty of Utrecht
Receive from Spain:
Gibraltar
Asiento ( a slave trading company)
Receive from France:
Nova Scotia and Newfoundland
Abandoned the Hudson Bay region

33. Prussia and Savoy
Get recognized for the first time in the Treaty of Utrecht

34. The Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
Causes:
Lutheran v. Catholic Priests v. Calvinists
Ferdinand II inherits the Holy Roman Empire from Charles V
The Protestants didn’t trust Ferdinand II the Catholic
Ferdinand II closed some Protestant churches
Protestants revolt
Ferdinand II sends an army to put down the revolt
Some German protestant princes send armies of their own to challenge Ferdinand II

35. Events of the Thirty Years War
First 12 years:
Austria and Spain crush the Protestant princes from HRE
Catholic armies destroy everything in their wake
Later war:
Protestant army from Sweden drives back the Catholic army
France enters the war
Despite being Catholic France fears the strength of Ferdinand II so they fought with the Protestants

36. Effects of the Thirty Years War
Population of Europe dropped 20 million to about 16 million.
Europe as a group of increasingly equal independent states

37. End of the Thirty Years War
Ends with the Peace of Westphalia
Weakened Spain and Austria
Strengthened France by awarding it German territory
Made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Emperor (Ferdinand II)
Weakens the HRE
Ended religious wars in Europe
Introduced new method of peace negotiation
All nations are present for negotiations

38. Austria grows in strength
They conquered Bohemia
Wiped out Protestantism there
Centralized the Government
Took back Hungary
Charles VI Maria Theresa

39. Maria Theresa Inherits Austria Part of the Hapsburg family
She decreases the power of the nobility
Mother of Marie Antoinette who will marry Louis XVI of France
Will be an effort to strengthen Austria which was growing concerned with the increasing strength of Prussia and the Hohenzollerns family

40. The Rise of Prussia
Gets built from a number of small holdings in what used to be referred to as the Holy Roman Empire
King Frederick William I
Created a great standing army-the best in Europe
Buy favor from the landowning nobility known as the Junkers
Hohenzollerns family is the family line

41. Frederick the Great (Frederick William II)
Followed his father’s military policies
Encouraged religious toleration and legal reform
Wants a part of Austria known as:
Why did he want this piece of Austria?

42. War of Austrian Succession
France and Prussia = Allies
Great Britain and Austria = Allies
Effect
Austria suffers the loss of Silesia
Ended by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
Prussia becomes a major power with the addition of Silesia

43. Seven Years War Allegiances Switch:
Austria which has been weakened looks for a powerful ally and chooses France a former enemy
Prussia hearing of France’s alliance with Austria signs an alliance with Great Britain
The actual war did not change the territorial situation in Europe
Great Britain gains French territory in North America
Britain gains sole economic control over India

44. RUSSIA 

45. Absolute Rulers of Russia
Ivan the Terrible
Czar
Helps build the Russian empire
Good period:
Bad period:

46. Time of Troubles: What was the trouble?
How does the time of trouble stop?

47. Czar (Tsar) Peter I  Peter the Great
How is Russia behind when Peter comes to power?

48. Czar Peter I  Peter the Great
How is Russia behind when Peter comes to power?
Serfdom
Cut off from the Renaissance and Age of Exploration
Religion: Eastern Orthodoxy

49. What is Peter the Great the first to do?

50. Peter’s main goal is to…..

51. How does he plan to accomplish this?

52. How does he plan to accomplish this?
Increases his powers as an absolute ruler
Takes control of the Church
Reduced the power of the landholders
Modernized the army
Introduced:
Potatoes
Newspapers
Raised women’s status
Ordered nobles to give up their traditional clothes
Opened a school of navigation and college of arts and sciences

53. Peter believed that ____________ was a key to Russia’s progress.
He also believes that possessing a ___________ to ____________ would help promote advancement
So…

54. Peter the Great Fights Sweden for land on the Baltic coast
Fights for 21 years to get it
Builds St. Petersburg
Swampy lands
Kills 25, ,000 people trying to make sure it isn’t a swamp
Orders nobles to settle in his new capital
Becomes a busy sea port