1. Latin American Revolutions

2. Latin America
Latin American revolutions of the nineteenth century were influenced by the clash of European cultures in the development of governments and ruling powers.
Spanish conquests in Latin America saw the rapid decline of native populations and introduction of slaves from Africa.
Conquistadors were given governmental authority by the crown, becoming known as viceroys.

3. Characteristics of the colonial system
Colonial governments mirrored the home governments.
Catholicism had a strong influence on the development of the colonies.
A major element of the economy was the mining of precious metals for export.
Major cities established as outposts of the colonial authority
Havana, Cuba
Mexico City, Mexico
Lima, Peru
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Buenos Aires, Argentina

4. Rigid class structure
Viceroys: a royal official who runs a country, colony, or province for the monarch
Creoles: European descended Latin Americans
Mestizos: people of Native American and European descent.

5. Influence of Revolution
The American and French Revolutions took place in the late 1700s. Within twenty years, the ideas and examples of these revolutions influenced people of Latin America to establish independent nations, most notably in Haiti and Mexico.
Independence came to the French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies.

6. Haiti Haiti gained independence from France.
Slaves in Haiti rebelled, abolished slavery and won independence.
Contributions of Toussaint L’ Ouverture.
Former slave and military genius who led Haitian rebellion against the French.
Defeated the armies of three foreign powers:
Spain, France, and Britain

7. Mexico Mexico gained independence from Spain
Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement on September 16, 1810, when he to his pulpit in the small town of Dolores, Mexico, and declared that he was taking up arms against the Spanish.
Thus began Mexico’s struggle for Independence from Spain, which Father Miguel would not live to see.
Miguel Hidalgo was eventually betrayed and captured and was killed by the Spanish.

8. Simon Bolivar
Simon Bolivar was a native-born resident and one of South America's greatest generals. 
His victories over the Spaniards won independence for the northern areas of Latin America including:
Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. 
He is called El Liberator (The Liberator) and the "George Washington of South America.”

9. Countries that gained independence during the 1800s
Mexico (from Spain)
Colombia (from Spain)
Venezuela (from Spain)
Brazil (from Portugal)
Haiti (from France)

10. Monroe Doctrine
After the American Revolution, the United States wished to prevent foreign interference in America. They Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823, alerting European powers that the American continents should not be considered for any future colonization.

11. Impact of the Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was issued by President James Monroe in 1823.
Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent.
The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system of any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.