1. Interna tional Neurourology Journal 2010;14:1-6 Experimental Animal Models of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction Koo-Han Yoo, Sun-Ju Lee Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2. Neurogenic bladder is related to various types of neurogenic disease and injury, including cerebrovascular accident, brain tumor, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson’s disease. The results of urodynamic study show different types of detrusor and sphincter function. According to these urodynamic results, the physician decides on a treatment plan, such as anticholinergics or alpha- blockers. In the development of a new medication, it is necessary to test the medication’s efficacy and toxicity by using a laboratory animal. International Neurourology Journal 2010;14:1-6

3. The proper laboratory animal should have several characteristics. These are biological similarity to humans, a short generation period, and an environment that is easy to control. We describe the development of laboratory animals for the study of neurogenic bladder by decerebration, stroke, and spinal cord injury. International Neurourology Journal 2010;14:1-6

4. Fig. 1 Interna tional Neurourology Journal 2010;14:1-6

5. Fig. 2 Interna tional Neurourology Journal 2010;14:1-6

6. Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the arterial blood supply to the brain of rats. Embolic material was inserted into the internal carotid artery (*). The brain-supplying arteries (black shaded) are occluded after injection to achieve decerebration, and the brainstem-supplying artery (white shaded) is not occluded. ACA, anterior cerebral artery MCA, middle cerebral artery PCA, posterior cerebral artery BA, basilar artery. (Modified from: Fouad K, Bennett DJ. Decerebration by global ischemic stroke in rats. J Neurosci Methods 1998;84:131-7) Fig. 2. Injection of emboli into the ICA using a tube in the ECA. The clots occlude the origin of the MCA. The occluding device prevents clots from flowing downstream in the CCA. ACA, anterior cerebral artery CCA, common carotid artery ECA, external carotid artery ICA, internal carotid artery MCA, middle cerebral artery PCA, posterior cerebral artery. (modified from: Krueger K, Busch E. Protocol of a thromboembolic stroke model in the rat: review of the experimental procedure and comparison of models. Invest Radiol. 2002 Nov;37(11):600-8.) Figure Legends Interna tional Neurourology Journal 2010;14:1-6