1. Today’s Objectives 1.Review Roman geography, influences of Etruscan, Latin and Greek cultures. 2.Read aloud and discuss pages 90-91 in text. 3.Listen and take notes about Roman social system and government. 4.Answer questions about the Roman Republic.

2. Roman Social Structure: Three Levels Who’s Who?

3. PatriciansSlave Plebeians

4. Slaves: 1/3 of population Many slaves were Greeks. Some slaves worked on farms and did construction. Some slaves were soldiers. Some slaves were educated and worked in homes.

5. Slaves Slaves were not citizens. They had no political rights.

6. Plebeians: Most people were plebeians. They were the “middle class”: Farmers, artists, craftsmen, & merchants

7. . Plebeians were citizens. They could vote. But they did not have much political power. They were not happy.

8. The Plebeians demanded more power.

9. Patricians Patricians were the rich land owners. They had the political power.

10. Patricians could be Senators. Senators had power in the government.

11. Patricians lived in large, beautiful villas.

12. The villas had had beautiful courtyards inside them. They had pools and gardens inside their homes!

13. Patricians had magnificent feasts and parties.

14. What were the 3 social levels in Rome? 1. 2. 3.

15. Patrician Order Plebian Order Slaves

16. What was Roman government like?

17. Early Roman Kings Early kings were called “Rex.”

18. The Roman Republic: 509-31 BCE In 509, the Romans got rid of a bad king and established a republic.

19. What is a republic?

20. Republic: Citizens vote for representatives to lead them and make decisions.

21. Greece had the first direct democracy. But…

22. Rome had the first Representative Republic.

23. In a Republic citizens vote for representatives who make the laws.

24. In the United States today we have a Republic. Americans vote for Senators and representatives.

26. In the United States we have 100 Senators.

27. In the Roman Republic…

28. There were 300 senators.

29. A Roman senator was elected for life!

30. Do you remember the 3 social classes in Rome?

31. PatriciansSlave Plebeians

32. Usually Senators were Patricians. But a few plebeians were also Senators.

33. Plebeians had some power. Plebeians could veto laws that the Senate made. Plebeians wanted more power.

34. Two Counsels were leaders of the Roman Republic. They led the army and the government. They were elected for one year.

35. Roman laws were called the Twelve Tables.

36. Do you remember…the other codes of law we learned about?

37. What was the name of the 1 st code of law in ancient Babylon called?

38. Hammurabi’s Code

39. What was the book of Hebrew (Jewish) laws called?

40. Torah!

41. Back to ancient Rome and the Republican government….

42. In times of crisis the Roman citizens sometimes gave power to a tyrant.

43. Tyrant: A single person with absolute power.

44. After a crisis… Some tyrants gave power back to the republic. Others were cruel. Some were good and passed good laws.

45. Tyrant ↓ Plebeians

46. Work with a partner to decide… Greece ? Rome? Both?

47. END

48. Rise of Rome

50. Timeline of Ancient Rome & Greece B.C. Date775 B.C.400 B.C.323 B.C.270 B.C.126 B.C. 27 B.C. RomeFounding of Rome Early Republic Punic Wars with Carthage Octavius Agustus Pax Romana begins GreeceFirst Olympic Games Golden Age of Athens Alexander the Great & Hellenism Greece becomes a Roman Province

51. Time Line for Ancient Rome A.D. 33 A.D.180 A.D.313 A.D.476 A.D. Birth of JesusJesus killed in Jerusalem Pax Romana ends Constantine Divides Empire in East & West Fall of Rome

52. Some foreigners could become citizens. For example: If a foreigner served in the Roman army he could become a citizen.

53. Most of these dictators restored power to the republic when the crisis was over, but a few ruled for years afterwards. – Some were cruel kings, others were helpful and passed law codes.

54. The plebeians were allowed to elect 10 tribunes. Tribune - an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights Tribunes were responsible for taking the complaints of the plebeians to the senate

55. There were several attempts to overthrow the Republic and restore a monarchy, but the Romans defeated them all.