1. Kyoto and Beyond: EC and Canada Professor Yves Le Bouthillier, University of Ottawa Maastricht, May 20, 2009

2. Post-2012 Goal: limit to the average global temperature increase European Commission Canadian Government -Less than 2 °C compared to pre- industrial levels - An increasing number of scientists are calling for a significant lower level of GHG in the atmosphere than previously recommended -Imperative to secure and ambitious outcome that leaves the door open for a lower stabilisation level “There is no requirement for Canada to have formulated its own position concerning the greenhouse gas concentrations that constitute dangerous interference with the climate system prior to formulating its post- Kyoto negotiating position.” (response from Environment Canada to request for information)

3. Post-2012 Goals: GHG Reductions EC Canada (Government) Canada (Opposition) Cut its own emissions 20% below 1990 levels by 2020 Developed countries: cut emissions by 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 Cut global emissions by 50% below 1990 levels by 2050 Cut its emissions 20% below 2006 levels by 2020 Cut its emissions by 60% to 70% below 2006 levels by 2050. Cut emissions 25% below 1990 levels by 2020. Cut emissions 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 (Climate Change Accountability Bill)

6. Post-2012 Goals: carbon market ECCanadaWCI Create an OECD- wide carbon market by 2015 Some provincial support for carbon markets, e.g. Western Climate Initiative (BC, ON, QB, MA) to create carbon market by 2012 with hard caps Cap and trade system for industrial emitters with emission- intensity targets (2010-2020) ; hard caps in 2020 Since President Obama’s election: talks of an Norh American hard cap and trade system EU-Canada Summit Declaration: « We support the development of the international carbon market system…We will reinforce our technical cooperation to work towards compatible, linked cap and trade sytems between Europe and North America. » (May 6, 2009)

7. Post-2012 Goals: developing countries EC Canada Developing countries: aside from poorest countries, limit emissions growth to 15-30% below “business as usual” levels by 2020 Least Developed Countries should not be asked to reduce emissions “…It has been our position from the beginning that any post- 2012 global agreement must also include all major emitting countries.” Supportive of the 4 pillars of the Bali Action Plan (mitigation, adaptation, transfer of technology and funding) but few proposals

8. Emissions Change from 1990-2006 EU Canada -2.2% (excluding LULUCF) -4.6% (including LULUCF) LULUCF = Land use, land use change and forestry Source: http://unfccc.int +21.7% (excluding LULUCF) +54.8% (including LULUCF)