1. Phonetics : The Sounds of Language The science of phonetics attempts to describe all of the sounds used in all languages of the world. Knowing a language = Knowing the sounds of language + Knowing how to combine those sounds into word

2. The Vocal Tract, Oral and Nasal Sound

3. Place of articulation ① Bilabials : [p],[p’],[p h ][m] -by bringing both lips together ㅂ – 배, ㅃ - 뼈 ㅍ – 폐 ㅁ - 막 (now)

4. ④ Alveolars - By raising the tongue in various ways to the alveolar ridge [t,t’,t h,n] :Tongue tip is raised and touches the ridge, or slightly in front of it. [s] [s’]: Front of tongue is raised, tip is lowered so that air escapes. [l] : Tongue tip is raised while the rest of tongue remains down. And air escapes over its sides (=lateral sound) [r] : The tip of tongue is curled up back the alveolar ridge.(= retroflex sound)

5. ⑤ Palatals : [ ㅈ ],[ ㅉ ],[ ㅊ ] - Constriction occurs by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate ⑥ Velars : [k],[k’],[k h ][ŋ] - By raising the back of tongue to the soft palate(=velum) ⑦ Glottals [h]: From the flow of air through the open glottis, and past the tongue and lips

7. Aspirated/unaspirated Aspirated sounds are indicated by writing the phonetic symbol with a raised h

8. In Korean, aspirated sound and unaspirated sound are not allophone. So they are distinctive sound.

9. 1) [i:] Front, High, Unrounded, Tense 2) [ ɪ ]: Front, High, Unrounded, Lax 3) [e] : Front, Mid, Unrounded, Tense 4) [ ɛ ] : Front, Mid, Unrounded, Lax 5) [æ] : Front, Low, Unrounded, Lax 6) [a]: Central, Low, Unrounded, Lax 7) [u] : Back, High, Rounded, Tense 8) [ ʊ ] : Back, High, Rounded, Lax 9) [o] : Back, Mid, Rounded, Tense 10) [ ɔ ] : Back, Low, Rounded, Lax

10. Vowel