1. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 The ATLAS experiment and the Grid Prof. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli, Mohammed V – Agdal University, Académie Hassan II des Sciences et Techniques, Rabat, Morocco rcherkao@cern.ch

2. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 OUTLINE 2  The ATLAS Collaboration LHC (Large Hadron Collider) ATLAS experiment  The Computational & Analysis Challenges  WLCG  Moroccan participation

3. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 The ATLAS Collaboration 3 3000 Scientists 174 institutions 38 countries Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, South Africa Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, UK USA

4. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 The Large Hadron Collider at CERN 4 CERN CM S LHCb ATLAS ALICE 27 km in circumference About 100m underground LH C

5. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 The Large Hadron Collider 5 Proton-proton collision: centre of mass energy of 14 TeV Pb ion-ion collision, energy of 1150 TeV LH C About 100m

6. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 The ATLAS Experiment 6 Overall weight=7000 Tons 46 m 25 m A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS Collision Point p p

7. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Why the ATLAS Experiment ?  Why? Study Nature at the most fundamental level: - What are the basic building blocks of Nature? - How do they interact?  The Standard Model  What is the origin of mass ? Why are tiny particles very heavy? Why do some particles have no mass at all?  Higgs particle  Is there another form of physics beyond the Standard Model ?  Supersymmetry, …  What is the origin of the universe?  Dark Matter (23% of the universe) 7

8. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 What do we Measure?  The particles coming from the collisions - Particle types (electron, proton, muon, jets, …) - Direction/Momentum - Energy  Simple in concept; complicated in execution 8

9. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 What do we Measure? 9 The Inner detector: which allows precise measurement of charged particle trajectories Calorimeters: which measure total energy of particles (electron, photon and hadrons) Muons spectrometer : which measures muon paths to determine their momenta The collision point

10. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 10 The Computational & Analysis Challenges

11. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Collisions at LHC 11 600 million collision events/second

12. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Challenge: Large, distributed community Large Data Volume, Large CPU Capacity 12 CMS ATLAS LHCb Data availability and Software life span: 20 years ~ 5000 Physicists around the world - around the clock Data Flow 15 PB/year (15 000 000 GB/year)

13. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 13 Where will we store and process all this data ?  LHC Data analysis requires a computing power equivalent to  100 000 of PC processors Where will we find such a computing power ?  CERN center can provide only  20% of the capacity Data Storage and Data Processing

14. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 CERN Computing Center  Number of machines (includes CPU servers, disk servers and infrastruture servers) 8,500 machines with 54,000 cores  Networking: Connected to T1 centers using 10 Gbits/s dark fiber connections and the GEANT network  Data Storage: Tape:~40,000 TB Disk: 49,900 TB on 58 500 disk drives 14

15. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Solution: CERN has over 250 partner institutes in Europe and over 200 the rest of the world. Many of them have significant computing resources a GRID  Build a GRID that unites these computing resources Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG)  Adopt Grid technology.  Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG)  a “Tier” hierarchy for data 15 Computing for LHC

16. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) The Hierarchical Model 16

17. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 R. Cherkaoui El Moursli ICTRF2011 - Abu Dhabi LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) The Hierarchical Model  Tier-0 at CERN o Record RAW data (320 MB/s ATLAS) o Distribute second copy to Tier-1s o Calibrate and do first-pass reconstruction  Tier-1 centres (11 defined) o Manage permanent storage ( – RAW, simulated, processed) o Capacity for reprocessing, bulk analysis  Tier-2 centres (>~ 100 identified ) o Monte Carlo event simulation o End-user analysis  Tier3 centres Provide access to Grid resources and local storage for end- user data Contribute CPU cycles for simulation and analysis if/when possible 17

18. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 WLCG – the world's largest computing grid (A Grid of Grids) 18  WLCG computing centers are based on the two main global grids – EGI (European Grid Infrastructure) in Europe – OSG (Open Science Grid) in the US  Grids in Asia also contribute to the WLCG – Taiwan Grid and EU-IndiaGrid  WLCG has benefited from investments made by European Commission via a series of grid-related projects – EGEE, European DataGrid

19. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Grid activity 19  Workload continues to increase ◦ At the scale needed for physics

20. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Types of Data 20

21. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Event Size (ATLAS) 21

22. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Summary of data types relevant to physics analysis in the ATLAS experiment

23. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 ATLAS Software 23  The ATLAS Collaboration has developed a set of software and middleware tools that enable access to data for physics analysis purposes to all members of the collaboration, independently of their geographical location.  Main building blocks of this infrastructure are: The Athena software framework, with its associated modular structure of the event data model, including the software for: Event simulation; Event trigger; Event reconstruction; Physics analysis tools. The Distributed Computing tools built on top of Grid middleware : The Distributed Data Management system; The Distributed Production System; The Ganga/pAthena frameworks for distributed analysis on the Grid.

24. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Morocco in ATLAS 24

25. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 RUPHE (Réseau Universitaire des Hautes Energies -Morocco) 25  1996 : Morocco joins ATLAS experiment  RUPHE : Moroccan High Energy Physics Network o 5 Universities: Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakech, Oujda, Tanger o the National Center for Energy, Science and Nuclear Technics (CNESTEN)  Financial support: the Ministry of education and the National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST).

26. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 1 sector 64 sectors (8 modules / sector) = 512 modules (50000 anodes ) Mechanical and electrical test of 50000 anodes anode 1 Module 26 Participation to the ATLAS electro-magnetic presampler construction

27. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Morocco in ATLAS 27 The insertion of 32 sectors of the presampler at CERN.

28. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 28 Physics and detector simulations Test beam (shifts, assembling, insertion, …) at CERN Analysis of combined test beam data ATLAS Software in Magrid Cluster Simulated and Real Data Analysis Morocco in ATLAS

29. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 29 Medical Physics - Simulation with GEANT4 and GATE (scanner, accelerator) in radiology, nuclear medecine, radiotherapy Conception and design of Detector in the International Linear Collider (ILC) New researches

30. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Conclusion  ATLAS experiment transfer of large amounts of data  WLCG Solution  MaGrid Tier3  The advanced connectivity and the Grid will help the Moroccan community : o to explore the rich scientific potential of ATLAS o to develop others research projects 30

31. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 References 31 http :// www.atlas.ch http :// www.atlas.ch http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/ http://www.geant2.net/ http:// www.eumedgrid.org http:// www.eumedgrid.org http:// www.eu-egee.org http:// www.eu-egee.org http:// www.eumedconnect2.net http:// www.eumedconnect2.net http://event.twgrid.org/chep2010/ http://glite.cern.ch/ http://lcg.web.cern.ch/LCG/ http://www.magrid.ma http://www.marwan.ma/ Aad G. et al. The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, Journal of Instrumentation, JINST 3:S08003, 2008 G Aad et al, The ATLAS Collaboration, Nuclear Physics A 830 (2009) 925c – 940c

32. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 32 Thanks for your attention rcherkao@fsr.ac.ma rcherkao@cern.ch

33. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 33

34. Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli CNRST 16 mai 2011 Simulation of the PETete system and validation of the simulated model The Silicon Photomultiplier LYSO Crystals: pixelated and continuous slab The PETete System a new PET (positron emission tomography) device fully simulate the system using the software GATE to enhance its performance and characteristics