1. Test Anxiety Anxiety: “an unpleasant feeling or emotional state that has physiological & behavioral concomitants” (Dusek, 1980, p. 88) Test anxiety: anxiety associated with _____________________________ Two components: –___________ (__________): thoughts that accompany anxiety –__________: physiological and emotional arousal

2. Test Anxiety Stability of test anxiety: –Trait: individual characteristic –State: situation-specific Estimates are ≈______ of students have high trait anxiety and ≈ ______ have some anxiety How anxiety interferes with learning/performance: –Disrupts _______________ –Sufferers have poor ________________________

3. Implications for Teachers Remove __________ constraints ______________ to negative situation- generated affect Self-directed ____________ techniques Direct __________ and ____________ training Cognitive ________________________ ________________________ retraining

4. Measures of Central Tendency _____________: sum of scores divided by the number of scores _______________: the middle score in a distribution of scores ___________: the most frequent score All three are _____________________!

5. Measures of Variability _____________: the distance between the highest and lowest scores _____________________: a statistical measure of the spread of scores

6. Types of Tests _________________: measure specific knowledge _________________: measure capacity to learn in a given time frame ________________: in between the two ______________________________

7. Types of Tests ______-referenced: use the performance of other people on the same test for interpreting an individual’s test results _____________-referenced: measure an individual’s ability with respect to a content-based standard

8. Standard Error of Measurement The lack of precision in scores as a result of a test’s ______________ Observed score = _____ score ± ____ score

10. Correlations Express degree of __________________ between variables Decimal between __ and __ Positive: variables move in the ________ direction Negative: variables move in the _______ direction Squaring the correlation gives the _________________________________