1. Volcanic Landforms

2. Shield Volcanoes Lava pours out of vent and hardens on top of previous layers Gradually building a wide, gently sloping mountain Hawaiian Islands

3. Cinder Cone Volcanoes Lava has high viscosity, produce ash, cinders, and bombs The material builds up around the vent in a steep, cone-shapes hill Paricutin in Mexico

4. Composite Volcanoes Composite volcanoes are tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash. Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount St. Helens in Washington State

5. Lava Plateaus high level areas of lava Thin, runny lava travels far before cooling, again and again, taking millions of years to build up Columbia Plateau, covering Washington, Oregon, and Idaho

6. Calderas huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain Eruption may empty the main vent and magma chamber and collapses

7. Soils from Lava and Ash Soil is very fertile Volcanic ash breaks down, releasing potassium, phosphorus, and other substances that plants need Volcanic soil can be the riches in the world, plants grow easily

8. Landforms from Magma Volcanic Necks forms when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipes Ship rock in New Mexico

9. Dike magma that forces itself across rock layers hardens Sills magma that squeezes between horizontal layers of rock

11. Geothermal Activity Geothermal activity, magma a few kilometers beneath Earth’s surface heats underground water. Hot springs when underground water is heated by magma, an collects in a natural pool

12. Geysers is fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground Old Faithful most famous geyser

13. Geothermal Energy in volcanic areas, water heated by magma can provide an energy source Can be used as a source of electricity, steam spins a wheel to turn the turbine to generate electricity.