1. Bourbon France

2. Establishment of the Bourbon Dynasty Between 1562 and 1589, civil war broke out in France between Catholics and protestant Huguenots. Between 1562 and 1589, civil war broke out in France between Catholics and protestant Huguenots. Huguenot leader named Henry de Bourbon seized control of the French throne and established the Bourbon dynasty He became Henry IV. Huguenot leader named Henry de Bourbon seized control of the French throne and established the Bourbon dynasty He became Henry IV. Following the civil war, France was in chaos. Henry quickly began to rebuild the country into the strongest nation in Europe. Following the civil war, France was in chaos. Henry quickly began to rebuild the country into the strongest nation in Europe. Huguenots – French Protestants (Calvinists)

3. Henry IV 1589-1610  Henry converted to Catholicism to gain support of the country’s majority.  Issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598 proclaiming toleration of Protestants in France  Led by his finance minister the Duke of Sully, who instituted mercantilist policies and began major economic reforms and public works programs to enrich the nation  In 1610, Henry was assassinated by a fanatic monk as he rode in his carriage.

4. Louis XIII 1610 – 1643  Henry was succeeded by his ten year old son Louis XIII.  His mother Marie de Medici served as his regent and arranged his marriage to an Austrian princess.  She dismissed Sully leaving France without strong leadership.  Huguenots and nobles took advantage to strengthen their own positions and threaten royal authority.  In 1521 Marie appointed a strong chief minister Cardinal Richelieu to aid the king.  Louis hated ruling. He spent most of his time at his hunting lodge at Versailles while Richelieu ran the country on his behalf. (Power behind the Crown).

5. Hunting Lodge of Louis XIII (Versailles)

6. Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) Richelieu was a member of the clergy and a shrewd politician (politique). He had made a name for himself in the last meeting of the Estates General in 1614. He had three main goals: 1. Reassert royal power over the nobility. 2. Destroy the political power of the Huguenots. 3. Build France into the most powerful nation in Europe

7. Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) To achieve his goals Richelieu (intendants)  Sent royal officials (intendants) into the provinces to strengthen royal authority. (bourgeoisie)  Appointed members of the middle class (bourgeoisie) to government positions rather than nobles. Huguenots (Peace of Alais, 1629).  Weakened the power of the Huguenots by destroying their walled cities that had been allowed under the Edict of Nantes. He still allowed their freedom of religion to avoid another civil war. (Peace of Alais, 1629).  Enriched the monarchy by imposing heavy taxes on the lower classes. Thirty Years War  Entered the Thirty Years War on the side of German protestants to weaken Frances rivals.

8. Foreign Affairs under Richelieu and Louis XIII  Richelieu revived French opposition to the traditional rival Hapsburg rulers in the Holy Roman Empire.  In 1635, Catholic France entered the Thirty Years War on the side of the protestants rather than the Catholics.  Hapsburg power was severely weakened by the war. It ended in 1648 with the signing of the Peace of Westphalia.  Although Richelieu (1642) and Louis (1643) died before the war ended, France emerged as Europe’s most powerful country  Richelieu was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin who continued his policies Cardinal Mazarin r. 1642-1661 r. 1642-1661

9. Louis XIV “The Sun King” (1643 – 1715) In 1643, following the death of Louis XIII, his five year old son became king as Louis XIV. His mother served as his regent aided by Cardinal Mazarin. Mazarin continued the policies of Cardinal Richelieu Louis XIV as a Child Louis would never forget this and he become the ultimate absolute monarch. Sun King. Louis XIV would become one of the strongest and most colorful monarchs of all time. He was known as the Sun King. During his childhood French nobles rebelled against royal power (1648-1653) in what was known as The Fronde. Cardinal Mazarin r. 1642-1661 r. 1642-1661

10. The Sun King’s Reign is noted for its:  Absolute Rule  Blossoming of French Culture  Religious Persecution  Strong Economic Policy The Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715)

11. Divine Right  Louis claimed Divine Right and exercised unlimited power Estates General  He never convened the Estates General during his reign.  Louis forced the nobles to live in his court so he could watch and control them. nobles of the robe nobles of the sword  He created a new class of nobles called nobles of the robe to weaken the power of the traditional nobles of the sword. Absolute Rule Louis XIV The Sun King The Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715)

12. The Palace of Versailles Original Hunting Lodge of Louis XIII

13. The Palace of Versailles

14. The Gardens and Fountains of Versailles

15. The Palace of Versailles The King’s Chamber The Queen’s Chamber The Theatre

16. The Palace of Versailles The Hall of Mirrors

17. The Daily Dressing of the Sun King

18.  Louis believed that France must be unified by one religion. Edict of Nantes  In 1685, Louis revoked the Edict of Nantes and Huguenots were persecuted.  Protestants were forced to convert to Catholicism or leave France.  Many of Frances wealthiest merchants left. This later deeply hurt France economically. Religious Persecution Persecution of Huguenots The Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715)

19. Jean Baptiste Colbert  Louis Appointed a strong finance minister Jean Baptiste Colbert. mercantilist  Colbert was a strong mercantilist.  He established French colonies abroad.  Supported new industries with government funds.  Colbert built new roads and canals to improve trade. Strong Economic Policy Jean Baptiste Colbert The Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715)

20.  European countries feared the growing power of Louis and France.  During his reign Louis fought four major wars and many smaller skirmishes against these countries. The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714).  The last of these was The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714).  It centered over who would become the king of Spain when the last Hapsburg king died without an heir in 1700. Treaty of Utrecht (1713).  The war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht (1713).  Louis’ grandson became Spanish king but France lost territory including colonies in North America.  The wars drained the French treasury. By the time of his death in 1715, France was facing severe financial crisis.  Louis great grandson Louis XV inherited the throne but he and his successor Louis XVI were crippled by the debt and were much weaker rulers than the “Sun King”.  As a result, 18 th century France moved closer to revolution which finally erupted in 1789. The Wars of Louis XIV The Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715)