1. ANTHONY PYM ON COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION

2. PYM IN CHINA? = focus on the translator

3. REBRANDING TRANSLATION Communicative translation The primacy of spoken communication Failure analysis instead of competence Full range of translation solutions (breaking the binarisms) Translator training for all language learners, not just would-be professionals. Pedagogical use of online translation tools (TM/MT) Renegotiate the pact with the professions.

4. REBRANDING TRANSLATION Communicative translation The primacy of spoken communication Failure analysis instead of competence Full range of translation solutions (breaking the binarisms) Translator training for all language learners, not just would-be professionals. Pedagogical use of online translation tools (TM/MT) Renegotiate the pact with the professions.

5. REBRANDING TRANSLATION Communicative translation The primacy of spoken communication Failure analysis instead of competence Full range of translation solutions (breaking the binarisms) Translator training for all language learners, not just would-be professionals. Pedagogical use of online translation tools (TM/MT) Renegotiate the pact with the professions.

6. REBRANDING TRANSLATION Communicative translation The primacy of spoken communication Failure analysis instead of competence Full range of translation solutions (breaking the binarisms) Translator training for all language learners, not just would-be professionals. Pedagogical use of online translation tools (TM/MT) Renegotiate the pact with the professions.

7. PYM ET AL. (2012) A survey of 878 language teachers from 10 case-study countries. Translation generally unpopular, but it is used. Very few language teachers have thought seriously about how it can be used.

8. PYM ET AL. (2012)

9. MEET DAVID NUNAN His ELT textbook series "Go For It!" is the largest selling textbook series in the world with sales exceeding 2.5 billion copies.

10. JAMES S HOLMES (1972) An area for translation policy: “extensive and rigorous research to assess the efficacy of translating as a technique and testing method in language learning”.

11. GIDEON TOURY (1991) ?

12. INSTITUTIONALIZATION  Growth in translator-training institutions  Alliance with the translation professions  Modeling of an independent translation competence  Independent faculties  Special language education for translators and interpreters (PACTE)  Virtually no interest in the place of translation in language teaching  and no serious research on the issue.

13. INSTITUTIONALIZATION “Translation” is the opposite of “language learning.”

14. EVIDENCE OF TRANSLATION  Mental translation by adult learners.  Neuro-imaging of asymmetric bilingualism  Use of online translation tools.  Translation as one of the applications of language learning.

15. ZARATE (2004) Translation is “a reformulating activity that obscures all the challenges to intercultural communication which conceal the dysfunctions of a type of communication between partners based on different value systems.”

16. WHERE WE REALLY WENT WRONG Cicero 46 CE: ut interpres vs. ut orator Schleiermacher 1813: verfremdend vs. verdeutschend Nida 1964: formal correspondence vs. dynamic equivalence

17. © Intercultural Studies Group TRANSLATION SOLUTIONS A history of non-binary Translation Studies  Bally  Vinay & Darbelnet  Fedorov  Loh  Levý  Popovič  Kade  Chesterman…

18. © Intercultural Studies Group TRANSLATION SOLUTIONS

19. GETTING IT RIGHT? Brazilian Portuguese Catalan Dutch French German Greek Icelandic Italian Japanese Russian Spanish … 25 000 translators!

20. GETTING IT RIGHT?

22. No L2 translation? Direct contact with translator? One translator per client?

23. GETTING IT RIGHT?

25. Why is Durban so sure she is right? Why are we so sure professionals are our aim? (400 subjects represent 333 000 professionals?

26. GETTING IT RIGHT?

27. THE MT TRIAL Please translate the following text for publication in Wikipedia. Group A should translate just using Internet reference sources. Group B should feed the text through Google Translate (http://www.google.com/translate_t#) then post-edit the output. Since we are interested in how long these processes take, work at what you consider your normal pace. You will be stopped after 15 minutes.

28. THE MT TRIAL

29. COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION The primacy of spoken communication Failure analysis instead of competence Full range of translation solutions (breaking the binarisms) Translator training for all language learners, not just would-be professionals. Pedagogical use of online translation tools (TM/MT) Renegotiate the pact with the professions.