1. Integrated Water Management in the Zambezi – An option for poverty reduction? Lucia Scodanibbio Justiça Ambiental

3. Poverty in the Zambezi Valley Lowest Human Development Index in the countryLowest Human Development Index in the country Poverty headcount and gap indices, and poverty distribution is the highest in MozambiquePoverty headcount and gap indices, and poverty distribution is the highest in Mozambique

4. Discussion issues How has Cahora Bassa’s management affected the vulnerability and poverty of populations along the Zambezi?How has Cahora Bassa’s management affected the vulnerability and poverty of populations along the Zambezi? What role will the proposed Mphanda Nkuwa dam have?What role will the proposed Mphanda Nkuwa dam have? Ways to improve the present situation and better plan future projectsWays to improve the present situation and better plan future projects

5. Cahora Bassa’s impacts In income: In income: Agriculture production Fishing Prawn catches Potential tourism revenues

6. Vulnerability:Vulnerability: –Floods –Discharges Well-being:Well-being: –Food security –Health Environmental sustainability:Environmental sustainability: –Fish habitats –Natural resources –Grazing

7. Mphanda Nkuwa For development and poverty reductionFor development and poverty reduction

8. JA!’s concerns Effects of dam operationEffects of dam operation Disregard of dam’s impacts on downstream communitiesDisregard of dam’s impacts on downstream communities Very limited consultation processVery limited consultation process Possible future excess of electricity production in the regionPossible future excess of electricity production in the region

9. We believe that... Poverty reduction strategies should not lead to degradation of water resources and their ecological functions (Hirji & Molapo, 2002)Poverty reduction strategies should not lead to degradation of water resources and their ecological functions (Hirji & Molapo, 2002) Natural resources are the main determinants for local communities’ survival in the ZambeziNatural resources are the main determinants for local communities’ survival in the Zambezi

10. Recommendations for the future Accountability Integrated Water Resources Management World Commission on Dams Equity Efficiency Sustainability Participatory decision-making

11. World Commission on Dams Sustaining Rivers and LivelihoodsSustaining Rivers and Livelihoods –Environmental flows “Compatibilisation... of water management with… conservation of environmental balance” (art. 7 (1) (c)) Water Law, 1991 “… balance for all water users …” (art. 8 (h)) Water Law, 1991 “… management… for the benefit of the community… present and future …” (art. 2 (f)), Water Policy, 1995

12. Gaining Public Acceptance & Recognising Entitlements and Sharing BenefitsGaining Public Acceptance & Recognising Entitlements and Sharing Benefits –Identification of affected parties through “rights and risks approach” –Sharing wide and objective information “ … consultation with affected parties…” (Mozambican Environmental Law, 1997)

13. JA!’s project Information sharing and capacity building with NGOs and local communities along the Zambezi Information sharing and capacity building with NGOs and local communities along the Zambezi

14. Project objectives: Social preparation activity to ensure weak are taken into consideration and participate in the Mphanda Nkuwa process: WCD principlesSocial preparation activity to ensure weak are taken into consideration and participate in the Mphanda Nkuwa process: WCD principles Increase the knowledge of civil society and local community members on their rightsIncrease the knowledge of civil society and local community members on their rights Support the formation of a river users network that can participate in decisions on river management and the proposed damSupport the formation of a river users network that can participate in decisions on river management and the proposed dam

15. Target group: farmers, fishermen and civil society Target group: farmers, fishermen and civil society Meetings in 23 communities with representatives of 32 localities Meetings in 23 communities with representatives of 32 localities Four provinces: Tete, Manica, Sofala and Zambezia Four provinces: Tete, Manica, Sofala and Zambezia

16. Results Current river management does not benefit farmers and fishermenCurrent river management does not benefit farmers and fishermen Not sufficient attentionNot sufficient attention has been given to the problems suffered by subsistence people Essential to form a basinEssential to form a basin committee to deal with the Zambezi management, with ample public participation

17. Necessary to further consult and give objective information to affected people with regards to Mphanda NkuwaNecessary to further consult and give objective information to affected people with regards to Mphanda Nkuwa Further studies on the social effects of intermittent turbine operation and proposed solutionsFurther studies on the social effects of intermittent turbine operation and proposed solutions Consideration of WCD principles and Mozambican legislation to ensure Zambezi communities are not further impoverishedConsideration of WCD principles and Mozambican legislation to ensure Zambezi communities are not further impoverished

18. Thank you And thanks to the Siemenpuu Foundation, OxfamEMG