2. Writing Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences

3. How do you vary sentence structure? You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are three types of sentences we will study in this lesson: - Simple Sentence - Compound Sentence - Complex Sentence

4. #1: Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one subject and one verb I like to study grammar. A simple sentence is also called an independent clause. An independent clause ends with a period or semicolon.

5. Independent clause: only one subject and one verb I love you. One verb One subject

6. Sample Simple Sentences The cat crept through the dark house. The wary mouse watched from underneath the cereal box. The predatory cat stopped and surveyed his surroundings. The mouse darted for the safety of the nearly invisible hole under the cabinet.

7. #2: Compound Sentence A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences joined by one of the following: comma FANBOYS A comma and one of the FANBOYS I like to study grammar, and I love this class. semicolon A semicolon I like to study grammar; I love this class. semicolon transitional A semicolon and a transitional I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this class.

8. FANBOYS For  F And  A Nor  N But  B Or  O Yet  Y So  S Another way to remember these is…

9. Two independent clauses joined together I love you, and you love me. Independent clause

10. Sample Compound Sentences The cat was unsuccessful in his attempt to catch the mouse, and the mouse was equally as unlucky in his attempt to get the cheese. The dog had watched all of this, but he had refused to become involved. The mouse could wait until dark, or he could risk a daylight raid on the pantry. The cat usually slept during the day, yet curiosity held him at the corner of the kitchen.

11. #3: Complex Sentence A complex sentence is a simple sentence (independent clause) to which a part of a sentence (dependent clause) has been added. Because I like to study grammar, I love this class. I love this class because I like to study grammar.

12. A dependent clause joined to an independent clause. (The dependent clause needs the rest of the sentence for support.) Because you love me, I love you. Dependent clause Independent clause

13. Sample Complex Sentences After he gave it some thought, the mouse decided to wait until later for his trek. The cat fell asleep on the warm kitchen because he was deprived of sleep the night before. When the mouse heard the soft snoring of his sleeping cat, he scurried to the pantry and grabbed enough food for a week. The dedicated, cat keeps her nightly vigil even though the foresighted mouse will not be venturing out this week.

14. A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not express a completed thought. A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause. Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand alone. Because you love me. Fragment!

15. A Tip on Punctuation Since dependent clauses are only part of a sentence, you can never connect them to another sentence with a semicolon. Semicolons are only used between two independent clauses. I have loved you for years ; although I never admitted it. I have loved you for years, although I never admitted it. OK No!

16. Subordinating Conjunctions Afterhow Until Althoughif Unless Asin as much as if in order thatWhenas long as At least Wheneveras much as now that whereas soon whereveras though Since Whilebecauseso that Beforeeven if That even though though

17. #4: Compound/Complex Sentence A compound/complex sentence is the last and most complicated type of sentence. It contains at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses.

18. A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses Because we are a family, I love you, and you love me. 2 independent clauses Dependent clause

19. Compound Sentence A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together. She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs. Independent Clause

20. Compound Sentence You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by using… - a semicolon - a coordinating conjunction - a transition

21. Using a Semicolon Independent Clause ; Independent Clause I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do. Independent Clause

22. Using a Coordinating Conjunction Independent Clause,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause He couldn’t watch the show, so he decided to tape it. Independent Clause

23. Coordinating Conjunctions Logical Relationship Coordinating Conjunction AdditionAnd ContrastBut, yet ChoiceOr, nor CauseFor ResultSo

24. Using a Transition Independent Clause ; transition, Independent Clause I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic. Independent Clause

25. RelationshipTransition Addition Moreover Furthermore In addition Besides Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed In fact Contrast However On the contrary In contrast On the other hand Result or Effect Consequently Accordingly Thus Hence Therefore As a result

26. Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed In fact Exemplification For example For instance In particular Exemplification For example For instance In particular Time Meanwhile (at the same time) Subsequently (after) Thereafter (after) RelationshipTransition

27. SimpleCompound ComplexCompound/ complex Since every sentence in English fits into one of these four categories,

28. Practice Exercises Now you are ready to practice what you’ve learned.

29. Correct! Excellent! This sentence reads more smoothly because it has more sentence structure variety. I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I don’t like the traffic in the city. Simple Sentences Compound/Complex Sentence Complex Sentence

30. I’m Sorry! These sentence do not read as smoothly. These sentences contain no sentence variety. Simple Sentences I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I don’t like the traffic in the city.

31. CONGRATULATIONS! YOU NOW KNOW EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW To write anything you want to write Any way you want to write it And still get the punctuation right each time!