1. Standard 5-1.1 --Summarize goals of Reconstruction --Explain effects of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination on the course of Reconstruction

2. Civil War Review 1.Was the Union the NORTH or the SOUTH? 2.Was the Confederate the NORTH or the SOUTH? 3.What year did the Civil War start? 4.What year did the Civil War end? 5.Why did the south want slavery? 6.Why did the north not seem to need slavery? 7.What general led the NORTH? 8.What general led the SOUTH? U. Grant, Robert E. Lee, factories, plantations or farms,

4. Upset with the slower pace of the ‘regular’ republicans Set up Military Districts Wanted to take land back from masters and divide it up to give to slaves President Abraham Lincoln - great leader - wanted to bring the country back together President Andrew Johnson -- Democrat & Former slave owner -- agreed with SOME of Lincoln’s views -- angered Congress b/c he wouldn’t help the freedmen as much as they wanted -- Johnson had vetoed 20 Reconstruction bills --urged southern legislatures to reject the 14th Amendment, guaranteeing equal protection of the laws --ordered African American families evicted from land on which they had been settled by the U.S. Army

12. What does the prefix “re” mean? “re” means ‘again’ What does “construction” mean? What does reconstruction mean?

13. Goal of…. 13 th Amendment Carpetbaggers Military Districts Democrats of 1860’s Scalawags Freedman’s Bureau Republicans of 1860’s Abolitionists Graded for: Shows meaning!! Neatness Colorful Detailed Original

17. Our Country’s “RULE BOOK” Tells our Rights, too. This is what it is called when you ADD to the Constitution. Freed the slaves Slavery was illegal Made slaves FULL citizens of U. S. Freedom of religion Right to a fair trial Right to be elected to political positions Right to vote to all male citizens Problems: Literacy Tests, Voting Fees, lives were threatened

18. 1865: 13 th Amendment – freedom --land was given to them, then taken away --Segregation (separation) Black Codes & Jim Crow Laws 1868: 14 th Amendment – citizenship 1870: 15 th Amendment – right to vote --Had to pay “taxes” to vote --Had to pass ‘literacy’ tests to vote --Terrorism used to scare them from voting Voting Rights Act – 1965 Finally Solved the Problem Civil Rights Act of 1964

22. 1896 Supreme Court Case Plessy vs. Ferguson “separate but equal is o.k.” 1954 Supreme Court Case Brown vs. The Board of Education Overturned Plessy decision “separate but equal is not o.k.” School segregation is unconstitutional Thurgood Marshall - NAACP Lawyer

26. 1. Who became president after President Lincoln was assassinated? 2. Did the new president agree with President Lincoln about slavery and how to treat the south? 3. Explain the 13 th Amendment. 4. Explain the 14 th Amendment. 5. Explain the 15 th Amendment. 6. What is segregation? 7. What was the purpose of the Jim Crow Laws? 8. What was the difference between the Republicans and the Radical Republicans? 9. Which group did President Johnson and President Lincoln belong to? Circle one: Republicans or Radical Republicans 10. Why would freed slaves be willing to move far away (up north, out west) after they were freed? (Do not include “to get far away from their master” in your answer. Please think beyond just their master.)

28. also known as “Black Codes” lasted from the 1870’s until the 1960’s made segregation (separation) seem right said white people were superior (better) than blacks tried to keep things the same as they were during slavery

29. Some Facilities that Were Separate:  Bus station waiting rooms and ticket windows  Railroad cars or coaches  Restaurants and lunch counters  Schools and public parks  Restrooms and water fountains  Sections of movie theaters  There were even separate cemeteries

30. Child Custody. It shall be unlawful for any parent, relative, or other white person in this State, having the control or custody of any white child, by right of guardianship, natural or acquired, or otherwise, to dispose of, give or surrender such white child permanently into the custody, control, maintenance, or support, of a Negro (South Carolina).Education. The schools for white children and the schools for Negro children shall be conducted separately (Florida).Libraries. The State librarian is directed to fit up and maintain a separate place for the use of the colored people who may come to the library for the purpose of reading books or periodicals (North Carolina). Mental Hospitals. The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartments are arranged for said patients, so that in no case shall Negroes and white persons be together (Georgia).

31. Nurses. No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which Negro men are placed (Alabama).Prisons. The warden shall see that the white convicts shall have separate apartments for both eating and sleeping from the Negro convicts (Mississippi). Reform Schools. The children of white and colored races committed to the houses of reform shall be kept entirely separate from each other (Kentucky).Teaching. Any instructor who shall teach in any school, college or institution where members of the white and colored race are received and enrolled as pupils for instruction shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined... (Oklahoma).

32. At the bus station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940.

33. Greyhound bus terminal, Memphis, Tennessee. 1943.

34. A rest stop for bus passengers on the way from Louisville, Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, with separate entrance for Blacks. 1943.

35. A sign at bus station, Rome, Georgia. 1943.

36. A highway sign advertising tourist cabins for Blacks, South Carolina. 1939.

37. Cafe, Durham, North Carolina. 1939.

38. Drinking fountain on the courthouse lawn, Halifax, North Carolina. 1938.

39. Movie theater’s "Colored" entrance, Belzoni, Mississippi. 1939.

40. The Rex theater for colored people, Leland, Mississippi. June 1937.

41. Restaurant, Lancaster, Ohio. 1938.

42. Water cooler in the street car terminal, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1939.

43. Sign above movie theater, Waco, Texas. 1939.

44. Beale Street, Memphis, Tennessee. 1939.

45. Related Titles by Carole Boston Weatherford

46. About Carole Boston Weatherford Weatherford’s books have won the Carter G. Woodson Award from National Council for the Social Studies, North Carolina Juvenile Literature Award, an NAACP Image Award nomination, and IRA Teachers Choice and NCTE and NCSS Notables honors. A college professor, she presents school and professional development programs nationwide. Her 19 books include: Freedom on the Menu: The Greensboro Sit-Ins A Negro League Scrapbook Remember the Bridge: Poems of a People Sidewalk Chalk: Poems of the City Contact: 336-887-4505; weathfd@earthlink.netweathfd@earthlink.net www.caroleweatherford.com

47. Picture Books on Segregation & Civil Rights

56. Barbers. No colored barber shall serve as a barber (to) white girls or women (Georgia). Blind Wards. The board of trustees shall... maintain a separate building... on separate ground for the admission, care, instruction, and support of all blind persons of the colored or black race (Louisiana). Burial. Burial. The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons (Georgia). Buses. Buses. All passenger stations in this State operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races (Alabama).

57. Sharecropping Sharecropping = system of farm tenancy (renting the farm land) Who Sharecropped? -Freed slaves -Poor whites Why did they Sharecrop? white landowners didn’t have money to pay with & needed help arose at the end of the Civil War out of the plantation system Many planters had ample land but little money for wages most of the former slaves were uneducated and impoverishedProblems: -Wasn’t fair and equal -Was a lot like slavery

58. How did it Work? The cropper brought to the farm only his own and his family's labor. Most other requirements—land, animals, equipment, and seed—were provided by the landlord, who generally also advanced credit to meet the living expenses of the cropper family. Most croppers worked under the close direction of the landlord, and he marketed the crop and kept accounts. Normally in return for their work they received a share (usually half) of the money realized. From this share was deducted the debt to the landlord.Problems: High interest charges emphasis on production of a single cash crop slipshod accounting chronic cropper irresponsibility Why did it end? Farm mechanization (use of machinery on farms) marked reduction in cotton acreage

61. Sounder (1972) - G Sounders is a film about a 1933 African- American Louisiana sharecropping family, The Morgans, and their family crisis after their father Nathan Lee Morgan, is unjustly convicted of a crime and sent to a prison camp. In time Nathan's wife Rebecca Morgan and her eldest son decide to visit Nathan in the camp. Along their odyssey, the eleven year old boy learns lessons in life and love from both his mother and a dedicated black schoolteacher. The cast includes: Cicely Tyson, Kevin Hooks, Taj Mahal, Carmen Matthews, Paul Winfield, James Best, Eric Hooks, Yvonne Jarrell, and William T. Bennett.Cicely TysonPaul Winfield SOUNDER was nominated for the Best Picture award.

64. Like Like an earthquake that shakes the ground and then subsides, Reconstruction came and went. But it did fundamentally alter the nation's landscape.