1. Introduction to Plants

2. To Introduce Make a list of five plants you might eat during a typical day Which part of the plant are you eating when you eat that plant?

3. To Introduce Brainstorm a list of products you use that originate from plants…….

4. Plants differ from Algae All plants are multicellular and develop tissues

5. Why are plants so important? Photosynthesis…….. They take in CO 2 and Release O 2. What does this do for us?

6. Characteristics of Plants Many celled Most contain CHLOROPHYLL Cell walls Most have roots or root-like structure Eukaryotic cells Created to live in many different environments 285,000+ species

7. For Review… Plants are beneficial because they release carbon dioxide. A.True B.False

8. Adaptations for Land Life 1.Protection and support Cell walls made of CELLULOSE Provide structure and support CUTICLES are a waxy protective layer that also keep plants from drying out

9. Adaptations for Land Life 2.Reproduction Most land plants do not rely on water in order to reproduce Two stages of reproduction: Sporophyte = plants make spores Gametophytes = plants that grow from spores

10. For Review… This provides structure and support to a plant. A.Cellulose B.Cuticles

11. For Review… This structure helps a plant to not dry out. A.Cellulose B.Cuticles

12. Classification Classified into major DIVISIONS (phyla) (page 244) VASCULAR vs. NONVASCULAR Nonvascular plants do not have special tissues to move water and nutrients through the plant They rely on DIFFUSION Small plants

13. Divisions Seedless & Seed Plants Bryophyta - nonvascular plants –Class Musci - the mosses Pterophyta - ferns, seedless plants Spenophyta – horsetails and scouring rushes

14. Divisions Ginkgophyta – ginkgos Cycadophyta – cycads Gnetophyta – gnetums

15. Divisions Lycophyta – club mosses Coniferophyta - cone-forming seed plants Anthophyta - fruit-forming seed plants (Angiosperms) –Class Monocotyledonae - plants with one seed leaf –Class Dicotyledonae - plants with two seed leaves

16. Seedless Plants

17. Seedless Nonvascular Simple plants –Few cells thick –No roots –No stems –No leaves –No flowers –Grow from spores –Mosses and Liverworts

18. Mosses Simple rootless plant with leaf-like growths in a spiral around a stalk RHIZOIDS = root- like threads made of a few long cells Osmosis

19. Liverworts “herb for the liver” Rhizoid made of one cell Like mosses, grow in damp areas WHY???

20. Moss Life Cycle Page 277 in your text book ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS = continuous cycle which alternates between spore and sex cell producing phases http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcon tent/animations/content/moss.htmlhttp://www.sumanasinc.com/webcon tent/animations/content/moss.html

21. Moss Life Cycle Moss appears as soft green carpet GAMETOPHYTE = sex-cell producing structure –May produce male, female or both –Via water male sperm splashed onto female part and swim to eggs Fertilized egg develops into zygote (diploid) that will grow into the sporophyte SPOROPHYTE = spore-producing stage –Stalk and capsule –Capsule will release spores - haploid –Spores germinate into threadlike structure

23. Importance PIONEER SPECIES –1 st to grow in new or disturbed areas Weathering of rocks Formation of soil Build up decaying plant materials to provide nutrients Pave the way for other plants

24. For Review… The root-like threads of mosses A.Hyphea B.Rhizoids C.Sori D.Sporophyte

25. For Review… The stage in a mosses life cycle that produces the sex-cells. A.Gametophyte B.Sporophyte

26. For Review… Mosses are considered a pioneer species because A.They ride in covered wagons B.They grow in an area after other species of plants begin to grow C.They help create soil in new or disturbed areas

27. Seedless Vascular Have vascular tissue Produce spores Tube like vascular tissue to carry water, minerals, and nutrients throughout plant How is this an advantage? Club mosses, spike mosses, horsetails, ferns

28. Club and Spike Mosses Produce spores at end of stems Lycopodium used for décor Resurrection Plant

29. Horsetails Jointed stem “scouring rush” Used by pioneers to scour pots and pans (silica)

30. Ferns Largest group in Pterophyta Produce spores in SORI on back of leaves Coal is formed from plant build up over long period of time BOG = Spongy wet ground of slowly decaying plants = Peat fuel –Bryophytes and ferns

31. Fern Life Cycle Page 279 in your text book RHIZOME = underground stem FROND = leaf of a fern SORI = spore cases Spores released to damp soil will germinate into heart shaped gametophyte plants = PROTHALLUS This will produce sex cells to form a zygote Sporophyte and gametophyte can survive on their own

32. Importance House plants Prevent soil erosion Some are edible Horsetails: Dietary supplements Shampoos Skin-care products

33. For Review… The spore cases of a fern A.Sori B.Sporangia C.Rhizome D.Frond