4. Cells Make up Plants

5. Cells make up all living things.

6. What is the definition of a cell? - the basic unit of life. Can you think of reasons why cells need nutrition and a good environment?

7. Cells produce tissues. Tissues produce organs. Organs produce organ systems. Organs systems produce organisms.

8. Cell Theory *All living things are made of one or more cells. *The cell is the basic unit of living things. *All cells come from existing cells

9. TIME LINE 1.Robert Hooke discovered the first cells. Cork Cells were thought to have been these cells. 2.Anton von Leeuwenhoek was first to observe one -celled living things. Examples of these were bacteria and parameciums. ---invented compound microscope (more powerful lenses)

10. The cell which R. Hooke saw The cell observed by Leeuwenhoek

11. 3. Robert Brown --- discovered the nucleus of the plant cell 4. Matthias Schleiden--- conluded that all plants are made up of cells. 5. Theodor Schwann--- discovered that animals are also made up of cells.

12. Main Parts of a Cell Cell Membrane - protection Nucleus- control center Cytoplasm- nourishment of the cell

13. Parts of a plant cell Cell Wall Chloroplast Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Vacuole

15. Definitions and plant cell parts. 1. Cytoplasm-gel like substance found in a cell 2. Chloroplasts-a green structure in a plant 3. Cell Wall-a stiff covering that protects plant cells 4. Nucleus-control center of the cell 5. Chromosomes-provides direction for cell to follow 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum-transportation network 7. Mitchondrion-produces energy in the cell 8. Vacuole-cell storage sac for food, waste and water

16. Parts of the animal cell and definition. Vacuole-cell storage sac for food, waste, and water Mitochondrion –produces energy in a cell Chromosomes-provides direction for cells to follow Nucleus-control center of a cell Endoplasmic Reticulum--transportation system Cytoplasm-gel like substance found in a cell Cell Membrane-surrounds cell material

17. Plant CellAnimal Cell Cell SizeLargeSmaller than plant cells Cell ShapeRectangularCircular Vacuoles A single centrally located vacuole. It takes up almost 90% of the cell volume. The vacuole stores water and maintains turgidity of the cell. If any, there are a number of small vacuoles spread throughout the cytoplasm that store water, ions and waste materials. Cell Wall A rigid cell wall (made of cellulose) is present around a plant cell that helps it maintain its shape. Cell wall is absent. This allows animal cells to adopt different shapes. Chloroplasts Present. Chlorophyll is the pigment that traps sun's energy which is utilized by plants to make food through the process of photosynthesis. This pigment is present in the chloroplasts. Absent. As animals lack this pigment, they cannot make their own food. LysosomesAbsent Present. Lysosomes are vesicles that contain enzymes that destroy dead cell organelles and other cells debis. Golgi Bodies In place of golgi bodies, its sub units known as dictyosomes are present. Complex golgi bodies are present close to the nucleus.

18. Substances (elements and compounds) Found in Cells 1.Carbohydrates (C, H, O)- 1%, provides energy 2. Nucleic Acids (C, H, O, N, P)- 4%, to build their own proteins 3. Lipids/fats (C, H, O)- 10%, store and release more energy 4. Proteins (C, H, O, N)- 15%, cell growth & repair 5. Water (H, O)- 70%

19. Cells also carry out passive transport (diffusion, osmosis) and active transport 1.Passive Transport-materials do not need energy to move from higher concentration to lower concentration through membranes a. Diffusion-movement of gases (O, CO 2 ),sugar from higher concentrations to lower concentrations b. Osmosis-water moving from higher concentration to a lower concentration 2.Active Transport-materials(minerals & nutrients) need energy to move from a higher concentration to lower concentration

20. Why do you think that all students need to have an understanding of the parts of a cell and the differences between the parts found in plant and animal cells?

23. Level of Organization in Living Things

25. Body cells are cells that make up the different parts of the body. They are found in the different tissues doing specialized functions. These cells are very important because they help keep the body tissues and organs functioning.

26. There are five different body cells found in some of the most important part of the body: a.Epithelial cells – found in the epidermis of the skin, lining of the intestine, lining of the mouth, secretory glands, blood vessels and lining of the lungs. They serve as covering and in the absorption of nutrients from food. These nutrients are carried by blood to the different part of the body.

27. b. Muscle cells – found in the different muscles of the body. Visceral muscles are composed of simple contractile cells (cells that are capable of contracting) found in the walls of the intestines and uterus and blood vessels. Cardiac muscles cells are found in the heart muscles and the skeletal muscles cells or striated muscle cells are the most abundant muscles in the body.

28. c. Nerve cells or the neurons are found all over the body. Some of them carry messages to the brain and the spinal cord. Others are found in the sense organs.

29. d. Blood cells are those cells that are found in the blood. These are the white blood cells and the red blood cells. These cells are responsible for carrying nourishment to the other parts of the body and others carry oxygen to the body tissues from the lungs.

30. e. Bone cells are cells that give support to the body. They are bone cells that form a liquid that hardens like cement.