1. Plant Systems & Organization 10B

2. Specialized Cells Guard Cells Stomata

3. Guard Cells – open and close the stomata (in epidermis in leaves)

4. Stomata - opening in epidermis that allows CO2 in and H2O & O2 out

5. Tissues Dermal Ground Vascular

6. Dermal Tissue Structure: Epidermis -outer layer, cuticle, root hairs Periderm - inner layer

7. Dermal Tissue Function: Protection Prevention of water loss

9. Ground Tissue Structure: Parenchyma - controls photosynthesis Collenchyma – support function in plants Sclerenchyma – support and hardening of plant(structure)

10. Ground Tissue

11. Function: Photosynthesis food storage regeneration support protection

12. Vascular Tissue Structure: Xylem Phloem

13. Vascular Tissue Function: transport of water and minerals up from roots transport of food (glucose) from leaves to other parts of plant

14. Response Systems - Tropisms - Plants respond to environment (grow towards or away from external stimulus) by hormones called auxins 3 types: Gravitropism Phototropism Thigmotropism

15. Auxins Plant hormone that responds to light, gravity, water, and seasonal weather changes

16. Gravitropism Stems grow up (against gravity), roots grow down (with gravity)

17. If a plant falls over, auxin accumulates in cells on the lower side of the stem. The stem will respond by growing upward.

18. Phototropism Plant grows towards light

19. Auxin accumulated where light is less intense and causes cells to elongate. As a result, the cells that receive less light grow longer than cells that receive more light. In a stem, this growth pattern causes the stem to bend toward the light source.

20. Thigmotropism Plant respond to touch

21. Types of Plants Bryophytes Sporophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms

23. Bryophytes

24. Ex: Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Seedless plants that have no vascular tissue Transport water from cell to cell using osmosis & must live in moist or wet environments Usually small in size

25. Bryophyte Reproduction

26. Sporophytes

27. Ex: Ferns Seedless vascular plants Produce spores which in turn produce gametophytes Must be in wet environment so the sperm can fertilize the egg

28. Sporophyte Reproduction

29. Gymnosperms

30. Cone-bearing, vascular plants Ex: pine trees, palms Do not produce flowers but do produce seeds Do not require wet condition for reproduction Sperm is transferred by wind, insects, or animals

31. Gymnosperm Reproduction

32. Angiosperms

33. Vascular, seed producing plants Ex: flower producing plants, lilies, fruit trees Produce their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed Flowers contain ovaries which protect the seeds Flowers attract pollinators Ovary of flower develops into fruit after fertilization

34. Angiosperm Reproduction