1. Ewaste Recycling Health Effects Author: Margaret Bates, The University of Northampton

2. ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASE BURDEN IN DEATHS PER 100 000 PEOPLE, BY WHO SUBREGION (2002) Kenya

3. What is electronic waste?

4. From this

5. To this

6. Risks Health Environment Financial loss

7. Health Risks Lead PVC Brominated Fire retardants Barium Chromium Mercury Beryllium Cadmium

9. Metal casing plastics Cables and wires Chip resistors, detectors and conductors Circuit boards Switches and relays

10. CRT yokeCircuit boards Connectors and chips Cables and wires Metal band and frit Panel glass Funnel glass

11. Lead CRT – funnel, panel (old) and frit Circuit boards

12. Lead damage to the nervous systems, blood system and kidneys

13. Children suffer developmental effects and loss of mental ability, even at low levels of exposure. Brain or nerve damage Digestive issues Hearing problems Stunted growth Lead

14. Use PPE Don’t burn Don’t dismantle for parts Environmental hazard Toxic Source: Solder, batteries

15. Plastics Cables - PVC Computer and monitor cases – mainly ABS

16. PVC Cancer Disruption of the endocrine system Reproductive impairment Impaired child development and birth defects Neurotoxicity (damage to the brain or its function), and Immune system suppression

17. Dioxin

18. Brominated Fire Retardants Monitor cases Cables Computer cases Circuit boards Connectors

19. neurotoxic effects Brominated Fire Retardants endocrine disrupters linked to thyroid and liver damage cancer of the digestive and lymph system

20. Flame retardant: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s) and Polychlorinated Diphenyl-Ether Use PPE Don’t burn Environmental hazard Toxic Source: Plastic casing, plastic wiring casing

21. Barium Old CRTs

22. Barium Gastrointestinal disturbance Changes in blood pressure Muscle weakness Breathing difficulty

23. Chromium Metal hardening and corrosion protection in metal housing and plates

24. Chromium Skin reactions Bronchitis Nerve damage DNA damage, hereditary effects

25. Hexavalent Chromium Use PPE Don’t dismantle for parts Don’t burn Toxic Source: Plating, anti- corrosion applications, plastic pigments

26. Beryllium Motherboards Connectors

27. Beryllium berylliosis Lung cancer

28. Mercury Circuit boards Mercury switches and fluorescent tubes Batteries

29. Mercury gastrointestinal problems Skin rashes Nerve damage kidney damage

31. Mercury Use PPE Use a spill kit Don’t burn Don’t dismantle for parts Environmental hazard Toxic Source: Switches, sensors, contacts, lamps

32. Cadmium Chip resistors Phosphorescent coatings Batteries Cables and wires Semi conductors

33. Cadmium Lung damage Grey babies Weak bones Kidney damage

34. Cadmium Use PPE Don’t burn Environmental hazard Don’t dismantle for parts Toxic Source: Solder, plastic casing, coatings

35. Toxic components in ewaste include: Gases from fridges, AC and cooling equipment Circuit boards containing heavy metals such as lead & cadmium Batteries Cathode ray tubes Brominated flame-retardants used in printed circuit boards, cables and plastic casing.

36. Toxic components in ewaste include: Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) coated copper cables and plastic casings that release highly toxic dioxins & furans when burned Mercury in flat panel screens Mercury in fluorescent tubes Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) present in older capacitors & transformers

37. Ewaste that needs special care Fridges – Oils – Foams – Gases Televisions and monitors – CRTs – LCD Bulbs and lamps Batteries