1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D. H UMAN P HYSIOLOGY PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University AN INTEGRATED APPROACH T H I R D E D I T I O N Chapter 20, part A Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings About this Chapter How the kidney functions in body water balance How this is sensed and regulated How sodium balance affects ECF volume & cells How potassium balance affects excitable tissues How [H + ] and buffering maintain pH balance How behavior affects water and ion balance

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Excretory & circulatory balance body electrolytes ECF osmolarity affects cell volume Provides essential ions & molecules for metabolism Steroid Hormones: Structure and Action

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Steroid Hormones: Structure and Action Figure 20-1: Integrated responses to changes in blood volume and blood pressure

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. Drinking & eating provides water Kidney conserves water so output = intake Body Water Balance Figure 20-2: Water balance in the body

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Water Balance Figure 20-3: Role of the kidneys in water balance

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nephron Recycling: Overview Proximal tubule Glucose & Na + Loop of Henle H 2 O, Na +, K+ & Cl - Distal tubule Na + & H 2 O Collecting duct H 2 O, Na + & urea Hormone regulated

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nephron Recycling: Overview Figure 20-4: Osmolarity changes as fluid flows through the nephron

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urine Osmolarity Regulation: Collecting Duct H 2 O recycling Hormone Regulated Vasopressin Aquaporins

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Urine Osmolarity Regulation: Collecting Duct Figure 20-5: Water movement in the collecting duct in the presence and absence of vasopressin

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Formation of Water Pores: Mechanism of Vasopressin Action Vasopressin 2 0 messenger Aquaporins New pores

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Formation of Water Pores: Mechanism of Vasopressin Action Figure 20-6: The mechanism of action of vasopressin

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Water Balance Reflex: Regulators of Vasopressin Release Figure 20-7: Factors affecting vasopressin release

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Countercurrent multiplier exchange Medullary osmotic gradient H 2 O  ECF  vasa recta vessels Water Reabsorption in Descending Loop of Henle Figure 20-10: Countercurrent exchange in the medulla of the kidney

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings [Na + ] affects plasma & ECF osmolarity [Na + ] affects blood pressure & ECF volume Aldosterone regulates Na + excretion Sodium Balance: Intake & Excretion

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20. Sodium Balance: Intake & Excretion Figure 20-11: Homeostatic responses to eating salt