2. Is Fire Alive?

3. 3 What is Biology?  Biology is the study of all living things  Living things are called organisms  Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals copyright cmassengale

4. All living things share some basic properties  Eight Characteristics of Life M  Metabolism M  Metabolism R  Respond to Stimuli R  Respond to Stimuli G  Growth & Development G  Growth & Development R  Reproduction R  Reproduction U  Universal Genetic Code U  Universal Genetic Code C  Composed of cells (+1) C  Composed of cells (+1) H  Homeostasis H  Homeostasis E  Evolve & Adapt E  Evolve & Adapt

5. All living organisms obtain & use energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

6. 1. PRODUCERS: - Plants and other photosynthetic organisms - Produce their own food (from CO 2, H 2 O, & the sun) upon which the entire ecosystem depends 2. CONSUMERS: - Animals: Obtain nutrients and energy from consuming the food made by producers

7. Anabolism Process of building up complex substances from simpler substances Building up cells and cellular components Photosynthesis Require s Energy

8. Catabolism Process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energy Digestion Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Release sEnergy

9. Metabolism All chemical reactions occurring within an organism Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism

10. Organisms react to stimuli: Light Light Temperature Temperature Odor Odor Sound Sound Gravity Gravity Heat Heat Water Water Pressure Pressure Example: A plant’s leaves and stems grow toward light

11. ALL ORGANISMS GROW & DEVELOP What’s the difference?

12. Growth means to get bigger in size

13. Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism

14. Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type Asexual Reproduction A single parent organism reproducing by itself A single parent organism reproducing by itself

15. Sexual Reproduction Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information Involves the combination of male and female sex cells Involves the combination of male and female sex cells

16. Genes carry hereditary information Genes are composed of DNA Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents Mutations change the DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

17.  Living organisms Consist of organic molecules  organized to form cells Consist of organic molecules  organized to form cells Cells = Life’s basic units of structure and function Cells = Life’s basic units of structure and function Are composed of one or more cells Are composed of one or more cells

18. Unicellular Organisms Entire organism is made up of one single cell Entire organism is made up of one single cell Bacteria and protists Bacteria and protists Smallest unit capable of all life functions

19. Multicellular Organisms The organism is made up of many cells The organism is made up of many cells Cells have specialized functions within the organism Cells have specialized functions within the organism

20. 20 Facts About Cells  Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism  All cells contain living material called cytoplasm  All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell copyright cmassengale

21. 21 More Cell Facts  Cells are complex & highly organized  Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars copyright cmassengale

22. 22 More Cell Facts  The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes  These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles  Bacteria are examples copyright cmassengale

23. 23 More Cell Facts  More complex cells are called Eukaryotes  These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles  Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples copyright cmassengale

24. A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life Body temperature Body temperature Blood volume Blood volume pH balance pH balance Water balance Water balance

25. Homeostasis: Homeostasis: Ability of an organism to maintain relatively constant internal conditions * Example: Temperature regulation in the human body All organ systems contribute to homeostasis All organ systems contribute to homeostasis

26. All living things adapt to their environment through evolution

27. Adaptation A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment Species obtain adaptations through evolution, which occurs over great periods of time Species obtain adaptations through evolution, which occurs over great periods of time

28. An Example of Adaptation Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

29. All living things share some basic properties  Eight Characteristics of Life M  Metabolism M  Metabolism R  Respond to Stimuli R  Respond to Stimuli G  Growth & Development G  Growth & Development R  Reproduction R  Reproduction U  Universal Genetic Code U  Universal Genetic Code C  Composed of cells (+1) C  Composed of cells (+1) H  Homeostasis H  Homeostasis E  Evolve & Adapt E  Evolve & Adapt

30. 30 Life is Organized on Several Levels copyright cmassengale

31. 31 Levels  Atoms  Molecules  Organelles  Cells – life starts here  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism copyright cmassengale

32. 32 Levels  Population  Community  Ecosystem  Biosphere copyright cmassengale