1. LE 11-1 Biceps brachii: torque and movement Brachioradialis: movement and stability Elbow joint

2. LE 11-2 SUPERFICIAL DEEP Sternocleidomastoid Cut edge of right trapezius Trapezius Scapular spine Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii Erector spinae muscle group (see Figure 10.12) Latissimus dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia External oblique Iliac crest Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected) Internal oblique External oblique Serratus posterior (inferior) Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected) Serratus anterior Rhomboid major (cut and reflected) Serratus posterior (superior) Rhomboid minor (cut and reflected) Supraspinatus Levator scapulae Splenius capitis Semispinalis capitis

3. LE 11-2_1 SUPERFICIAL DEEP Sternocleidomastoid Cut edge of right trapezius Trapezius Scapular spine Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii Erector spinae muscle group (see Figure 10.12) Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected) Serratus anterior Rhomboid major (cut and reflected) Serratus posterior (superior) Rhomboid minor (cut and reflected) Supraspinatus Levator scapulae Splenius capitis Semispinalis capitis

4. LE 11-2_2 Latissimus dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia External oblique Iliac crest Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Latissimus dorsi (cut and reflected) Internal oblique External oblique Serratus posterior (inferior)

5. LE 11-3 SUPERFICIAL Trapezius Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Serratus anterior Triceps brachii C7C7 C1C1 T 12 Scapula Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Levator scapulae DEEP

6. LE 11-4 Trapezius Subclavius Pectoralis major (cut and reflected) Pectoralis minor Internal intercostals External intercostals T 12 Biceps brachii Short head Long head Serratus anterior Serratus anterior (insertion) Serratus anterior (origin) Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor (cut) Subclavius Coracobrachialis Levator scapulae Origin Insertion Trapezius

7. LE 11-5 Platysma SUPERFICIAL Deltoid Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Serratus anterior External oblique Rectus sheath Aponeurosis of external oblique Superficial inguinal ring Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Rectus femoris Gracilis Adductor longus Pectineus Iliopsoas Gluteus medius Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis External oblique (cut and reflected) Internal oblique (cut) External intercostal Internal intercostal Serratus anterior Teres major Biceps brachii (short and long heads) Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major (cut and reflected) Subscapularis Pectoralis minor Deltoid (cut and reflected) Subclavius Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid DEEP

8. LE 11-5_1 SUPERFICIAL Platysma Deltoid Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Serratus anterior Internal oblique (cut) External intercostal Internal intercostal Serratus anterior Teres major Biceps brachii (short and long heads) Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major (cut and reflected) Subscapularis Pectoralis minor Deltoid (cut and reflected) Subclavius Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid DEEP

9. LE 11-5_2 External oblique Rectus sheath Aponeurosis of external oblique Superficial inguinal ring Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Rectus femoris Gracilis Adductor longus Pectineus IIiopsoas Gluteus medius Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis External oblique (cut and reflected)

10. LE 11-6 Clavicle Sternum Deltoid Pectoralis major SUPERFICIAL T 12 SUPERFICIAL Anterior view Vertebra T 1 Supraspinatus Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Thoraco- lumbar fascia Posterior view Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Teres major Teres minor Teres major Infraspinatus Supraspinatus DEEP Biceps brachii, long head Biceps brachii, short head Teres major Coracobrachialis Subscapularis Ribs (cut) DEEP Serratus anterior Biceps brachii and coracobrachialis Pectoralis minor Triceps brachii, long head Subscapularis Left scapula, anterior view Origin Insertion Biceps brachii and coracobrachialis Trapezius Supraspinatus Levator scapulae Deltoid Triceps, long head Rhomboid minor Teres minor Infraspinatus Rhomboid major Right scapula, posterior view Origins and insertions

11. LE 11-6a Clavicle Pectoralis major SUPERFICIAL Sternum Deltoid Anterior view T 12 Teres major Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Coracobrachialis Subscapularis Ribs (cut) DEEP Serraus anterior Biceps brachii and coracobrachialis Pectoralis minor Triceps brachii, long head Subscapularis Left scapula, anterior view Origin Insertion

12. LE 11-6b SUPERFICIAL Vertebra T 1 Supraspinatus Latissimus dorsi Deltoid Thoraco- lumbar fascia Posterior view Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Teres major Teres minor Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Right scapula, posterior view Teres major Rhomboid major Infraspinatus Teres minor Triceps, long head Deltoid Trapezius Biceps brachii and coracobrachialis DEEP Origin Insertion Origins and insertions

13. LE 11-7 Deltoid Tendons of biceps brachii POSTERIOR GLENOID CAVITY ANTERIOR Subscapularis Teres minor Triceps brachii Teres major Acromion Entire deltoid: abduction at the shoulder Scapular deltoid: extension (shoulder) and lateral rotation (humerus) Triceps brachii: extension and adduction at the shoulder Biceps brachii: flexion at the shoulder Humerus Clavicular deltoid: flexion (shoulder) and medial rotation (humerus) Clavicle

14. Deltoid LE 11-7a GLENOID CAVITY POSTERIOR ANTERIOR Tendons of biceps brachii Teres minor Subscapularis Triceps brachii Teres major

15. LE 11-7b Acromion Entire deltoid: abduction at the shoulder Scapular deltoid: extension (shoulder) and lateral rotation (humerus) Triceps brachii: extension and adduction at the shoulder Biceps brachii: flexion at the shoulder Humerus Clavicular deltoid: flexion (shoulder) and medial roatation (humerus) Clavicle

16. LE 11-8 Surface anatomy, anterior view Superficial muscles, anterior view Origins and insertions, anterior view Coracobrachialis Brachioradialis Brachialis Biceps brachii, short head, and coracobrachialis Origin Insertion Pronator teres Flexor digitorum superficialis Brachialis Pronator teres Biceps brachii Supinator Brachioradialis Pronator quadratus Pronator quadratus Brachialis Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor retinaculum Palmar carpal ligament Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Triceps brachii, medial head Triceps brachii, long head Biceps brachii, long head Biceps brachii, short head Coracobrachialis Humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Coracoid process of scapula Triceps brachii, long head Biceps brachii Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Brachioradialis

17. LE 11-8a-c_1 Surface anatomy, anterior viewSuperficial muscles, anterior view Origins and insertions, anterior view Coracobrachialis Brachioradialis Brachialis Biceps brachii, short head, and coracobrachialis Origin Insertion Brachialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Triceps brachii, medial head Triceps brachii, long head Biceps brachii, long head Biceps brachii, short head Coracobrachialis Humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Coracoid process of scapula Triceps brachii, long head Biceps brachii Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Brachioradialis Pronator teres

18. LE 11-8a-c_2 Surface anatomy, anterior viewSuperficial muscles, anterior view Origins and insertions, anterior view Flexor digitorum superficialis Brachialis Pronator teres Biceps brachii Supinator Brachioradialis Pronator quadratus Pronator quadratus Brachioradialis Flexor retinaculum Palmar carpal ligament Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Pronator teres

19. LE 11-8d-f Anterior view Arm, cross-sectional view Anterior view of forearm, deep muscles Brachialis Pronator teres Biceps brachii Supinator Pronator quadratus Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Pronator teres Tendon of palmaris longus Brachialis Triceps brachii Radius Lateral head Ulna Biceps brachii Long head Medial head Humerus Nerve Artery Vein POSTERIOR ANTERIOR LATERAL

20. LE 11-8d-e Anterior view Arm, cross-sectional view Brachialis Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Brachialis Triceps brachii Lateral head Biceps brachii Long head Medial head Humerus Nerve Artery Vein POSTERIOR ANTERIOR LATERAL

21. LE 11-8d,f Anterior view Anterior view of forearm, deep muscles Pronator teres Supinator Pronator quadratus Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Pronator teres Tendon of palmaris longus Radius Ulna

22. LE 11-9a-c Surface anatomy, posterior view Superficial muscles, posterior view Origins and insertions, posterior view Deltoid Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Anconeus Brachioradialis Olecranon of ulna Extensor digitorum Brachioradialis Olecranon of ulna Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Anconeus Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor retinaculum Radius Ulna Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Anconeus Triceps brachii, long head Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Triceps brachii Extensor tendons Origin Insertion

23. LE 11-9a-c_1 Surface anatomy, posterior viewSuperficial muscles, posterior view Origins and insertions, posterior view Deltoid Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Extensor carpi radialis longus Anconeus Brachioradialis Olecranon of ulna Brachioradialis Olecranon of ulna Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Anconeus Triceps brachii, long head Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Triceps brachii Extensor tendons Origin Insertion

24. LE 11-9a-c_2 Surface anatomy, posterior view Superficial muscles, posterior view Origins and insertions, posterior view Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digitorum Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor retinaculum Radius Ulna Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Anconeus

25. LE 11-9d-f Superficial muscles, posterior view Forearm, cross-sectional view Brachioradialis Flexor pollicis longus Radius Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor digiti minimi POSTERIOR Flexor carpi radialis ANTERIOR Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus Extensor carpi ulnaris Ulna Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulna Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Flexor retinaculum Tendon of plamaris longus Extensor retinaculum Tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor carpi ulnaris Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Latissimus dorsi Teres major Deltoid Radius Supinator Pronator quadratus Pronator teres Pronation

26. LE 11-9d,e Superficial muscles, posterior view Forearm, cross-sectional view Brachioradialis Flexor pollicis longus Radius Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor digiti minimi POSTERIOR Flexor carpi radialis ANTERIOR Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus Extensor carpi ulnaris Ulna Flexor carpi ulnaris Triceps brachii, lateral head Triceps brachii, long head Latissimus dorsi Teres major Deltoid

27. LE 11-9d,f Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundus Ulna Tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor retinaculum Flexor retinaculum Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Tendon of palmaris longus Superficial muscles, posterior view Pronation Pronator quadratus Ulna Radius Supinator Pronator teres

28. LE 11-10a-c Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Palmar carpal ligament Flexor retinaculum Pronator quadratus Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres Medial epicondyle Triceps brachii, medial head Tendon of biceps brachii Brachioradialis (retracted) Median nerve Pronator teres (cut) Brachial artery Radius Ulna Flexor carpi ulnaris (retracted) Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Supinator Brachialis Cut tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Anterior view, deep Pronator quadratus (see Figure 11.8f) Anterior view, middleAnterior view, superficial LATERAL MEDIAL Flexor pollicis longus

29. LE 11-10d-f Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Tendon of triceps Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Ulna Extensor retinaculum MEDIALLATERAL Posterior view, superficial Posterior view, middlePosterior view, deep Tendon of extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digiti minimi Extensor digitorum Anconeus Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Ulna Radius Tendon of extensor digiti minimi (cut) Tendon of extensor digitorum (cut)

30. LE 11-10a Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps brachii, medial head Medial epicondyle Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Pronator quadratus Palmar carpal ligament Flexor retinaculum MEDIAL LATERAL Anterior view, superficial

31. LE 11-10b Tendon of biceps brachii Brachioradialis (retracted) Median nerve Radius Ulna Brachial artery Pronator teres (cut) Flexor carpi ulnaris (retracted) Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Anterior view, middle

32. LE 11-10c Supinator Brachialis Cut tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus (see Figure 11.8f) Anterior view, deep

33. LE 11-10d Tendon of triceps Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulna Extensor retinaculum MEDIAL Posterior view, superficial LATERAL Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Brachioradialis Biceps brachii

34. LE 11-10e Tendon of extensor pollicis longus Anconeus Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Posterior view, middle

35. LE 11-10f Anconeus Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Radius Ulna Tendon of extensor digiti minimi (cut) Tendon of extensor digitorum (cut) Posterior view, deep

36. LE 11-11ab Tendon of extensor indicis First dorsal interosseus muscle Tendon of extensor pollicis longus Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis Tendon of extensor carpi redialis longus Tendon of extensor carpi redialis brevis Right hand, posterior (dorsal) view Extensor retinaculum Tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor digiti minimi Tendon of extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Abductor pollicis longus Origins and insertions, posterior view First dorsal interosseus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Origin Insertion Extensor digiti minimi Dorsal interossei Dorsal interossei Extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor digiti minimi

37. LE 11-11a Tendon of extensor indicis First dorsal interosseus muscle Tendon of extensor pollicis longus Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis Tendon of extensor carpi radialis longus Tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis Right hand, posterior (dorsal) view Extensor retinaculum Tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor digiti minimi Tendon of extensor digiti minimi

38. LE 11-11b Extensor digitorum Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis First dorsal interosseus Abductor pollicis longus Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Origins and insertions, posterior view Extensor digiti minimi Dorsal interossei Dorsal interossei Extensor carpi ulnaris Abductor digiti minimi Origin Insertion

39. LE 11-11c-d Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Origin Insertion Palmar interossei Abductor digiti minimi Palmar interossei Opponens digiti minimi Flexor carpi ulnaris Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Origins and insertions, anterior (palmar) view Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis Adductor pollicis Flexor pollicis longus Lumbricals Synovial sheaths Palmar interosseus Tendons of flexor digitorum (both profundus and superficialis) Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Palmaris brevis (cut) Abductor digiti minimi Flexor retinaculum Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Right hand, anterior (palmar) view Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Tendon of palmaris longus Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Adductor pollicis Tendon of flexor pollicis longus First dorsal interosseus Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

40. LE 11-11c Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Palmar interossei Abductor digiti minimi Palmar interossei Opponens digiti minimi Flexor carpi ulnaris Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Origins and insertions, anterior (palmar) view Adductor pollicis Flexor pollicis longus Adductor pollicis Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Origin Insertion

41. LE 11-11d Synovial sheaths Lumbricals Palmar interosseus Tendons of flexor digitorum (both profundus and superficialis) Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Palmaris brevis (cut) Abductor digiti minimi Flexor retinaculum Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Right hand, anterior (palmar) view Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Tendon of palmaris longus Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Adductor pollicis Tendon of flexor pollicis longus First dorsal interosseus Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

42. LE 11-11e Palmar aponeurosis Lumbricals Tendons of flexor digitorum Flexor digiti minimi brevis Palmaris brevis Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Palmar interossei Tendon of extensor digiti minimi Tendons of extensor digitorum Right hand, sectional view through metacarpal bones Flexor pollicis brevis Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis First metacarpal bone Tendon of extensor pollicis brevis Tendon of extensor pollicis longus Adductor pollicis First dorsal interosseus V III IV II I

43. LE 11-11f-g Fibrous digital sheaths Tendons of flexor digitorum Superficial palmar arch Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Palmaris brevis Ulnar nerve Tendon of palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Right hand, anterior (palmar) view Ulnar artery Median nerve Radial artery Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Flexor retinaculum Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Lumbrical Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus Right hand, anterior view (deep) Lumbricals Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Ulnar artery Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Tendon of abductor pollicis longus Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis

44. LE 11-11f Fibrous digital sheaths Tendons of flexor digitorum Superficial palmar arch Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Palmaris brevis Ulnar nerve Tendon of palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Right hand, anterior (palmar) view Ulnar artery Median nerve Radial artery Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Flexor retinaculum Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Lumbrical Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

45. LE 11-11g Right hand, anterior view (deep) Lumbricals Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Ulnar artery Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis Tendon of flexor carpi radialis Tendon of abductor pollicis longus Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis

46. LE 11-12 Posterior view, deep muscles Gluteal and lateral rotators, posterior view Origins, lateral view Adductor magnus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Piriformis Gemelli Gluteus minimus Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius (cut) Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius (cut) Iliac crest Quadratus femoris Obturator externus Gracilis Origin Tensor fasciae latae Tensor fasciae latae Greater trochanter of femur Gluteus maximus (cut) Quadratus femoris Gluteus medius (cut) Gluteus maximus (cut) Gluteus maximus (cut) Piriformis Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Iliac crest Semitendinosus Adductor magnus Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Iliotibial tract Obturator internus Sacrum Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Ischial tuberosity Superior gemellus Gracilis Biceps femoris (long head)

47. LE 11-12a Posterior view, deep muscles Gluteus medius (cut) Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius (cut) Iliac crest Tensor fasciae latae Greater trochanter of femur Gluteus maximus (cut) Quadratus femoris Gluteus maximus (cut) Piriformis Semitendinosus Adductor magnus Adductor magnus Iliotibial tract Sacrum Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Ischial tuberosity Superior gemellus Gracilis Biceps femoris (long head)

48. LE 11-12b Origins, lateral view Adductor magnus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Piriformis Gemelli Gluteus minimus Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Quadratus femoris Obturator externus Gracilis Origin Tensor fasciae latae

49. LE 11-12c Gluteal and lateral rotators, posterior view Gluteus medius (cut) Gluteus maximus (cut) Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Iliac crest Gluteus maximus Obturator internus

50. LE 11-13a Illiopsoas Psoas major Iliacus L5L5 Piriformis Inguinal ligament Obturator externus Pectineus Sartorius (see Table 11.7) Obturator internus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Anterior view

51. LE 11-13b Sacral canal Piriformis Coccygeus Coccyx Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Sagittal section through the pelvis Gracilis Adductor longus Pubic symphysis Pubococcygeus (levator ani) Obturator internus Anterior superior iliac spine Iliacus Psoas major L5L5

52. LE 11-13c Psoas major External iliac artery Iliac crest Iliacus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Articular cartilage of acetabulum Articular cartilage of femoral head Head of femur Greater trochanter Neck of femur Articular capsule Iliopsoas Pectineus Vastus lateralis Adductor longus Vastus medialis Coronal section through the pelvis

53. LE 11-14a-c Iliopsoas: flexion Gluteus medius and minimus: abduction Obturator externus: lateral rotation Tensor fasciae latae: medial rotation Adductor longus: adduction and medial rotation Hamstring group: extension Adductor magnus Flexion, abduction, and medial rotation Extension Extension and abduction ANTERIOR ACETABULUM POSTERIOR Adduction Lateral rotation

54. LE 11-14a Iliopsoas: flexion Gluteus medius and minimus: abduction Obturator externus: lateral rotation Tensor fasciae latae: medial rotation Adductor longus: adduction and medial rotation Hamstring group: extension

55. LE 11-14b Adductor magnus

56. Flexion, abduction, and medial rotation LE 11-14c Extension and abduction Extension POSTERIOR ACETABULUM ANTERIOR Adduction Lateral rotation

57. LE 11-15ab Tensor fasciae latae Iliacus Pectineus Adductor longus Rectus femoris Gracilis Vastus lateralis Sartorius Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Surface anatomy, anteromedial view Gluteus medius Iliacus Anterior superior iliac spine Femoral nerve Inguinal ligament Pubic tubercle Pectineus Tensor fasciae latae Femoral vein Femoral artery Adductor longus Gracilis Rectus femoris Sartorius Vastus lateralis Iliotibial tract Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Quadriceps and thigh muscles, anterior view

58. LE 11-15a Tensor fasciae latae Iliacus Pectineus Adductor longus Rectus femoris Gracilis Vastus lateralis Sartorius Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Surface anatomy, anteromedial view

59. LE 11-15b Gluteus medius Iliacus Anterior superior iliac spine Femoral nerve Inguinal ligament Pubic tubercle Pectineus Tensor fasciae latae Femoral vein Femoral artery Adductor longus Gracilis Rectus femoris Sartorius Vastus lateralis Iliotibial tract Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Quadriceps and thigh muscles, anterior view

60. LE 11-15c-d Iliac crest Inguinal ligament Iliopsoas Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Femoral artery Pectineus Adductor longus Gracilis Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Anterior view Biceps femoris, long head Sciatic nerve Biceps femoris, short head Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Rectus femoris Femur ANTERIOR Thigh, transverse section Vastus medialis Femoral vessels Femoral nerve Adductor magnus Sartorius Great saphenous vein Gracilis Semimembranosus Semitendinosus POSTERIOR

61. LE 11-15d Biceps femoris, long head Sciatic nerve Biceps femoris, short head Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Femur Rectus femoris ANTERIOR Thigh, transverse section Vastus medialis Femoral vessels Femoral nerve Adductor magnus Sartorius Great saphenous vein Gracilis Semimembranosus Semitendinosus POSTERIOR

62. LE 11-15e Sartorius Rectus femoris Iliacus Pectineus Gracilis Adductor longus Iliopsoas Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Iliotibial tract Origin Insertion Patellar ligament Gracilis Sartorius Semitendinosus Origins and insertions, anterior view

63. LE 11-16 Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Gluteus maximus Rectus femoris Pubic symphysis Iliotibial tract Vastus lateralis Biceps femoris, long head Biceps femoris, short head Semimembranosus Patella Plantaris Patellar ligament Lateral view Medial view Gastrocnemius, medial head Patella Vastus medialis Rectus femoris Sartorius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Gracilis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gluteus maximus Sacrum

64. LE 11-16a Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Gluteus maximus Rectus femoris Iliotibial tract Vastus lateralis Biceps femoris, long head Biceps femoris, short head Semimembranosus Patella Plantaris Patellar ligament Lateral view

65. LE 11-16b Pubic symphysis Sacrum Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Adductor longus Gracilis Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Patella Gastrocnemius, medial head Medial view

66. LE 11-17 Iliac crest Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Biceps femoris, long head Gracilis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Adductor magnus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris, short head Semimembranosus Sartorius Popliteal artery (red) and vein (blue) Tibial nerve Adductor magnus Medial head of gastrocnemius Lateral head of gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Hip and thigh, posterior view Origins and insertions, posterior view Origin Insertion Iliac crest Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Tensor fasciae latae Iliotibial tract Sciatic nerve Adductor magnus Biceps femoris, long head Biceps femoris, short head Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Tendon of gracilis Sartorius Medial head of gastrocnemius Lateral head of gastrocnemius Superficial dissection, posterior view

67. Iliac crest LE 11-17a_1 Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Biceps femoris, long head Hip and thigh, posterior view

68. LE 11-17a_2 Semitendinosus Gracilis Semimembranosus Sartorius Tibial nerve Lateral head strocnemius Hip and thigh, posterior view Medial head of gastrocnemius Popliteal artery (red) and vein (blue) Semimembranosus Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris, short head

69. LE 11-17b Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Semimembranosus Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris, long head Origin Insertion Gracilis Semitendinosus Adductor magnus Adductor magnus Medial head of gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Origins and insertions, posterior view Lateral head of gastrocnemius Biceps femoris, short head Gluteus maximus

70. LE 11-17c_1 Iliac crest Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Tensor fasciae latae Iliotibial tract Sciatic nerve Adductor magnus Biceps femoris, long head Superficial dissection, posterior view

71. LE 11-17c_2 Biceps femoris, short head Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Tendon of gracilis Sartorius Medial head of gastrocnemius Lateral head of gastrocnemius Superficial dissection, posterior view

72. LE 11-17d-f Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Vastus lateralis covered by iliotibial tract Semitendinosus Biceps femoris, long head Semimembranosus Hamstrings Sartorius Gracilis Biceps femoris, short head Tendon of biceps femoris, short head Popliteal fossa Hamstrings Biceps femoris, long head Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Medial head of gastrocnemius Lateral head of gastrocnemius Sartorius Popliteus Posterior view Biceps femoris, long head Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Adductor magnus Semimembranosus Popliteus Adductor magnus Origin Insertion Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Rectus femoris Psoas major Pectineus Iliacus Vastus lateralis Adductor longus Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Biceps femoris, short head Posterior view Origins and insertions, posterior view

73. LE 11-17d-e Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Vastus lateralis covered by iliotibial tract Semitendinosus Biceps femoris, long head Semimembranosus Tendon of biceps femoris, short head Popliteal fossa Hamstrings Medial head of gastrocnemius Lateral head of gastrocnemius Posterior view Sartorius Gracilis Biceps femoris, short head Biceps femoris, long head Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius Popliteus Posterior view

74. LE 11-17d Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Vastus lateralis covered by iliotibial tract Semitendinosus Biceps femoris, long head Semimembranosus Tendon of biceps femoris, short head Popliteal fossa Medial head of gastrocnemius Lateral head of gastrocnemius Posterior view Hamstrings

75. LE 11-17e Sartorius Gracilis Biceps femoris, short head Semitendinosus Biceps femoris, long head Semimembranosus Hamstrings Sartorius Popliteus Posterior view

76. LE 11-17f Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Rectus femoris Psoas major Pectineus Iliacus Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Biceps femoris, short head Origins and insertions, posterior view Popliteus Semimembranosus Adductor magnus Vastus medialis Adductor longus Insertion Origin Semimembranosus Adductor magnus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris, long head

77. LE 11-18a Superficial muscles, posterior view Plantaris Popliteus Soleus Gastrocnemius, medial head Gastrocnemius, lateral head Gastrocnemius (cut and removed) Calcaneal tendon Calcaneus

78. LE 11-18b Posterior view Calcaneus Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve Soleus Tendon of gracilis Calcaneal tendon Fibularis longus Tendon of biceps femoris Fibularis brevis Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tendon of tibialis posterior Gastrocnemius, medial head Gastrocnemius, lateral head Plantaris (cut) Tendon of semimembranosus Tendon of semitendinosus

79. LE 11-18c Deep muscles, posterior view Flexor hallucis longus Tendon of fibularis brevis Tendon of fibularis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Fibularis brevis Fibularis longus Head of fibula

80. LE 11-18d Origins and insertions, posterior view Calcaneal tendon (for gastrocnemius and soleus) Flexor digitorum longus Popliteus Soleus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Fibularis brevis Plantaris Gastrocnemius, lateral head Gastrocnemius, medial head Insertion Origin

81. LE 11-19ab Medial view Calcaneal tendon Flexor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Abductor hallucis Medial surface of tibial shaft Medial head of gastrocnemius Superior extensor retinaculum Tibialis anterior Soleus Tibialis posterior Medial malleolus Tendon of tibialis anterior Lateral view Lateral head of gastrocnemius Lateral malleolus Fibularis brevis Soleus Fibularis longus Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Superior extensor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Tendon of extensor hallucis longus Head of fibula Patellar ligament Patella Iliotibial tract

82. LE 11-19a Medial view Medial malleolus Abductor hallucis Flexor retinaculum Calcaneal tendon Tibialis posterior Soleus Tibialis anterior Medial head of gastrocnemius Medial surface of tibial shaft Patellar ligament Patella Superior extensor retinaculum Tendon of tibialis anterior Inferior extensor retinaculum

83. LE 11-19b Lateral head of gastrocnemius Lateral view Tibialis anterior Fibularis brevis Calcaneal tendon Soleus Iliotibial tract Head of fibula Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus Superior extensor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Tendon of extensor hallucis longus Lateral malleolus

84. LE 11-19c_1 Right lateral view, superficial muscles Patellar ligament Head of fibula Patella Biceps femoris, short head Iliotibial tract Vastus lateralis

85. LE 11-19c_2 Right lateral view, superficial muscles Lateral head of gastrochemius Tibialis anterior Lateral head of gastrochemius Soleus Fibularis longus Superficial fibular nerve Fibularis brevis Calcaneal tendon Lateral malleolus Inferior extensor retinaculum Calcaneus Extensor digitorum longus

86. LE 11-20a Anterior view Inferior extensor retinaculum Lateral malleolus Superior extensor retinaculum Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibula Tibia Patellar ligament Patella Iliotibial tract Tibial tuberosity Tibialis anterior Fibularis longus SUPERFICIALDEEP

87. LE 11-20a_1 Anterior view Tibialis anterior Fibularis longus (peroneus longus) Patella Iliotibial tract Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Tibia Fibula SUPERFICIAL DEEP

88. LE 11-20a_2 Anterior view Inferior extensor retinaculum Superior extensor retinaculum Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Lateral malleolus

89. LE 11-20bc Anterior view Origins and insertions, anterior view Medial condyle of femur Origin Insertion Fibularis longus Patellar ligament Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis brevis Tibialis anterior Rectus femoris Lateral malleolus Extensor hallucis longus Patella Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Tibia Quadriceps tendon Vastus medialis Sartorius Vastus lateralis Iliotibial tract Soleus Gastrocnemius

90. LE 11-20c_1 Anterior view Quadriceps tendon Gastrocnemius Patella Medial condyle of femur Patellar ligament Tibial tuberosity Iliotibial tract Sartorius Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris

91. LE 11-20c_2 Anterior view Soleus Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Tibia Lateral malleolus

92. Dorsal view LE 11-21a Tendons of extensor digitorum brevis Tendons of extensor digitorum longus Inferior extensor retinaculum Dorsal interossei Superior extensor retinaculum Medial malleolus of tibia Tendon of fibularis brevis Tendon of tibialis anterior Abductor hallucis Tendon of extensor hallucis longus Extensor expansion Extensor hallucis brevis Tendon of extensor hallucis brevis Extensor expansion Tendon of extensor hallucis brevis Abductor hallucis Tendon of extensor hallucis longus Tendon of tibialis anterior Fibularis brevis Superior extensor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Tendons of extensor digitorum longus Dorsal interossel Tendons of extensor digitorum brevis Medial malleolus of tibia Lateral malleolus of fibula Lateral malleolus of fibula

93. Origins and insertions LE 11-21b Plantar view Dorsal view Fibularis brevis Origin Insertion Fibularis longus Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor hallucis longus Abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis Calcaneal tendon (for attachment of gastrocnemius and soleus) Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Extensor digitorum longus Abductor digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digitorum brevis Plantar interossei Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Quadratus plantae Flexor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis Dorsal interossei Extensor digitorum brevis

94. Right foot, sectional view through the metatarsal bones LE 11-21c Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Flexor hallucis brevis Tendons of flexor digitorum longus Tendon of extensor hallucis brevis Tendon of extensor hallucis longus First metatarsal bone Tendons of extensor digitorum longus Dorsal interossei Tendons of flexor digitorum brevis Plantar aponeurosis Tendons of extensor digitorum brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Plantar interossei Abductor hallucis Lumbricals V III IV II I

95. Plantar view, superficial layer LE 11-21d Abductor hallucis Lumbricals Calcaneus Plantar aponeurosis (cut) Flexor hallucis brevis Fibrous tendon sheaths Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Tendons of flexor digitorum brevis overlying tendons of flexor digitorum longus

96. Plantar view, deep layer LE 11-21e Flexor digitorum brevis (cut) Tendon of tibialis posterior Plantar aponeurosis (cut) Abductor hallucis (cut) Calcaneus Lumbricals Abductor hallucis (cut and retracted) Abductor digiti minimi (cut) Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Quadratus plantae Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Flexor hallucis brevis Tendons of flexor digitorum brevis (cut) Tendons of flexor digitorum longus Flexor digiti minimi brevis Tendon of fibularis brevis Tendon of fibularis longus Abductor digiti minimi (cut)

97. Plantar view, deepest layer LE 11-21f Calcaneus Plantar aponeurosis (cut) Tendon of flexor hallucis longus (cut) Plantar ligament Tendon of tibialis posterior Adductor hallucis (oblique head) Flexor hallucis brevis Tendon of flexor digitorum longus (cut) Flexor digitorum brevis (cut) Tendon of fibularis longus Adductor hallucis (transverse head) Abductor digiti minimi (cut) Tendon of fibularis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Plantar interossei

98. Extensor carpi radialis longus LE 11-22 Radial artery and nerve Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Anconeus Extensor indicis Abductor pollicis longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Pronator teres Flexor digitorum superficialis Palmaris longus Ulnar artery and nerve Extensor pollicis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Interosseous artery, vein, and nerve Extensor digiti minimi Supinator Extensor pollicis brevis Median nerve RadiusUlna

99. LE 11-23 Deltoid Triceps brachii Medial intermuscular septum Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Medial intermuscular septum Long head Lateral head Brachialis ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Lateral intermuscular septum Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Extensor carpi ulnaris SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT LATERAL COMPARTMENT Extensor carpi ulnaris Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum LATERAL COMPARTMENT Extensor carpi radialis brevis POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis

100. LE 11-23a Deltoid Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Medial intermuscular septum Triceps brachii Long head Lateral head

101. LE 11-23b Lateral Intermuscular septum Brachialis Triceps brachii POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Medial intermuscular septum Biceps brachii

102. LE 11-23c Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Brachioradialis LATERAL COMPARTMENT Extensor carpi radialis brevis POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus

103. LE 11-23d LATERAL COMPARTMENT POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Extensor carpi Radialis brevis DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus

104. LE 11-23e Humerus Medial intermuscular septum Lateral intermuscular septum

105. Tendon of tibialis anterior LE 11-24a_d Tibialis posterior SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Soleus Calcaneal tendon Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Soleus Gastrocnemius ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MEDIAL COMPARTMENT Sciatic nerve POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Adductor longus Adductor magnus Adductor longus Femoral artery, vein, and nerve ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Femoral artery, vein, and nerve Rectus femoris Adductor longus Adductor magnus POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MEDIAL COMPARTMENT Biceps femoris and semitendinosus ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT LATERAL COMPARTMENT ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT LATERAL COMPARTMENT Tendon of fibularis longus Gluteus maximus Vastus lateralis Vastus lateralis Fibularis longus Rectus femoris Sciatic nerve Biceps femoris

106. LE 11-24a Gluteus maximus Sciatic nerve Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris Adductor magnus Adductor longus ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MEDIAL COMPARTMENT POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Biceps femoris and semitendinosus Femoral artery, vein, and nerve

107. LE 11-24b Biceps femoris Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis MEDIAL COMPARTMENT ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Adductor longus Adductor magnus Femoral artery, vein, and nerve Sciatic nerve

108. LE 11-24c Gastrocnemius SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT LATERAL COMPARTMENT ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Fibularis longus Tibialis posterior Soleus Tibialis anterior

109. LE 11-24d ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Tibialis posterior LATERAL COMPARTMENT DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT Tendon of fibularis longus Tendon of tibialis anterior Soleus Calcaneal tendon

110. LE 11-24e Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Superficial fibular nerve Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Extensor hallucis longus Popliteus Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Posterior tibial artery and vein Tibia Fibula Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Deep fibular nerve Anterior tibial artery and vein Tibial nerve

111. LE 11-25 Polyethylene liner Unassembled total hip Assembled total hip Acetabular shell Femoral head Neck Stem