1. Date: May 3, 2016 Aim #76: How do comparative studies help trace evolution? HW: 1)Whales in the Making Article Review due Thursday 5/5 2)Relationships and Biodiversity Lab due Friday 5/6 3)Evolution Test Monday 5/9 and Tuesday 5/10 4)Unit 7e due Friday, May 13th Do not forget Castle Learning!! Human Phys. Fridays Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook DateTitle of Activity Page # 5/3Evolution Part C118

2. Answers to Warm-Up Evolution Part C Questions 1.  Natural selection  Evolution  Reproduction  Mutation 2.  Natural Selection: The Population had some members that were naturally resistant to antibiotics. They survived and reproduced, passing on the resistance.  Evolution: Some organisms were resistant to the pesticide. They survived and passed on the trait.  Reproduction- Resistant members survived and passed on the trait.  Mutation- It produces variations that give some organisms a survival advantage.

3. Answers to Warm-Up Evolution Part C Questions 3.Resistant bacteria will survive and continue to make people sick. Insects will continue to destroy crops. Antibiotics do not work anymore. There will be less food available. 4.Do not use. 5.People might be sick longer. More people could get sick. Organisms may become resistant to other treatments. Natural predators may get out of control. Inserted genes may have an undesired effect. Research takes a lot of time and money.

4. Aim #76: How do comparative studies help trace evolution?

5. 1) How do we know we are related to chimps & gorillas? COMMON ANCESTOR

6. 2) Comparative Studies Study of similarities between living things. Provides evidence of a common origin (ancestor)

7. 3) Why do scientists do comparative studies? To observe how closely organisms are related to each other and see evolutionary patterns

8. 4) COMPARATIVE STUDIES a)Who are we closely related to? b)Who are we distantly related to?

9. 5) Types of Comparative Studies Anatomy Embryology Biochemistry DNA and Proteins

10. 6) Comparative Anatomy What is anatomy? What do you think comparative anatomy studies? Study of structural similarities and differences in living things

11. 7) HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Do you see any similarities between these organisms? How are they similar? How are they different? Homologous Structures - similar structures, different form & function. Shows evolutionary relationships (they are related).

12. 8) VESTIGIAL ORGANS The appendix and the tail bone are both VESTIGIAL organs. What do they have in common? Vestigial structures- have no function. Why would an organism possess organs with little or no function? They are remnants of structures that may have had important functions in ancestral species, but no clear function in modern descendants. Hind leg in whales

13. 9) ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES What do these two images have in common? Insect Wing Analogous Structures- similar form and function, different internal structure. Does not show evolutionary relationships.

14. Divergent vs. Convergent Evolution: 10) Divergent Evolution- the pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species become increasingly different. 11) Convergent Evolution- the pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits.

15. 12) When do each of these types of evolution occur? Divergent Evolution occurs when populations change as they adapt to different environmental conditions. Once related species now look different. Convergent Evolution occurs when unrelated species occupy similar environments in different parts of the world. Unrelated species now look the same.

16. Which is Which? Which is the gorilla, fish and rabbit?

17. 13) Comparative Embryology In Comparative Embryology, related organisms show similar embryonic development

18. 14) Comparative Biochemistry Comparative Biochemistry compares the DNA or Amino Acids of an organism in order to find relationships among living things. The more similar the DNA and Amino Acids, the more closely the two organisms are related.

19. 15) Common Ancestor This evidence leads to the idea of: COMMON ANCESTRY All species living and extinct were derived from common ancestors.

20. 16) The Results of Genetic Variation: 1)Structural Change- the physical features of an organism. 2)Functional Change- molecular or biochemical changes affect how an organism works. Changes in DNA often lead to functional changes. 3)Behavioral Change- many of the specific behaviors today have become common because they have resulted in greater reproductive success.